R315-268-42. Land Disposal Restrictions -- Treatment Standards Expressed as Specified Technologies

  Note: For the requirements previously found in Section R315-268-42 in Table 2-Technology-Based Standards By RCRA Waste Code, and Table 3-Technology-Based Standards for Specific Radioactive Hazardous Mixed Waste, refer to Section R315-268-40.

  (a) The following wastes in the table in R315-268-40 "Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes," for which standards are expressed as a treatment method rather than a concentration level, shall be treated using the technology or technologies specified in the table entitled "Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards" in Section R315-268-42.

Table 1

Technology Codes and Description

of Technology-Based Standards

Technology Description of technology-based standards

code

ADGAS: Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or

           reacting media (i.e., solid or liquid)---venting

           can be accomplished through physical release

           utilizing valves/piping; physical penetration of

           the container; and/or penetration through

           detonation.

AMLGM: Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury

           contaminated with radioactive materials

           utilizing inorganic reagents such as copper,

           zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a

           nonliquid, semi-solid amalgam and thereby

           reducing potential emissions of elemental

           mercury vapors to the air.

BIODG: Biodegradation of organics or non-metallic

           inorganics (i.e., degradable inorganics that

           contain the elements of phosphorus, nitrogen,

           and sulfur) in units operated under either

           aerobic or anaerobic conditions such that a

           surrogate compound or indicator parameter has

           been substantially reduced in concentration in

           the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Carbon can

           often be used as an indicator parameter for the

           biodegradation of many organic constituents that

           cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater

           residues.

CARBN: Carbon adsorption, granulated or powdered, of

           non-metallic inorganics, organo-metallics,

           and/or organic constituents, operated such that

           a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has

           not undergone breakthrough, e.g., Total Organic

           Carbon can often be used as an indicator

           parameter for the adsorption of many organic

           constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in

           wastewater residues. Breakthrough occurs when

           the carbon has become saturated with the

           constituent, or indicator parameter, and

           substantial change in adsorption rate associated

           with that constituent occurs.

CHOXD: Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the

           following oxidation reagents, or waste reagents,

           or combinations of reagents: (1) Hypochlorite,

           e.g., bleach; (2) chlorine; (3) chlorine

           dioxide; (4) ozone or UV, ultraviolet light,

           assisted ozone; (5) peroxides; (6) persulfates;

           (7) perchlorates; (8) permangantes; and/or (9)

           other oxidizing reagents of equivalent

           efficiency, performed in units operated such

           that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter

           has been substantially reduced in concentration

           in the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Carbon can

           often be used as an indicator parameter for the

           oxidation of many organic constituents that

           cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater

           residues. Chemical oxidation specifically

           includes what is commonly referred to as

           alkaline chlorination.

CHRED: Chemical reduction utilizing the following

           reducing reagents, or waste reagents, or

           combinations of reagents: (1) Sulfur dioxide;

           (2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or

           sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, and

           polyethylene glycols, e.g., NaPEG and KPEG; (3)

           sodium hydrosulfide; (4) ferrous salts; and/or

           (5) other reducing reagents of equivalent

           efficiency, performed in units operated such

           that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter

           has been substantially reduced in concentration

           in the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Halogens

           can often be used as an indicator parameter for

           the reduction of many halogenated organic

           constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in

           wastewater residues. Chemical reduction is

           commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent

           chromium to the trivalent state.

CMBST: High temperature organic destruction

           technologies, such as combustion in

           incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces

           operated in accordance with the applicable

           requirements of Sections R315-264-340 through

           351, 40 CFR 265.340 through 352, which are

           adopted by reference, or

           Sections R315-266-100 through 112, and in other

           units operated in accordance with applicable

           technical operating requirements; and certain

           non-combustive technologies, such as the

           Catalytic Extraction Process.

DEACT: Deactivation to remove the hazardous

           characteristics of a waste due to its

           ignitability, corrosivity, and/or reactivity.

FSUBS: Fuel substitution in units operated in

           accordance with applicable technical operating

           requirements.

HLVIT: Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive

           wastes in units in compliance with all

           applicable radioactive protection requirements

           under control of the Nuclear Regulatory

           Commission.

IMERC: Incineration of wastes containing organics and

           mercury in units operated in accordance with the

           technical operating requirements of Sections

           R315-264-340 through 351 and 40 CFR 265.340

           through 352, which are adopted by reference. All

           wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived

           from this process shall then comply with the

           corresponding treatment standards per waste code

           with consideration of any applicable

           subcategories, e.g., High or Low Mercury

           Subcategories.

INCIN: Incineration in units operated in accordance

           with the technical operating requirements of

           Sections R315-264-340 through 351 and 40 CFR

           265.340 through 352, which are adopted by

           reference.

LLEXT: Liquid-liquid extraction, often referred to as

           solvent extraction, of organics from liquid

           wastes into an immiscible solvent for which the

           hazardous constituents have a greater solvent

           affinity, resulting in an extract high in

           organics that shall undergo either incineration,

           reuse as a fuel, or other recovery/reuse and a

           raffinate, extracted liquid waste,

           proportionately low in organics that shall

           undergo further treatment as specified in the

           standard.

MACRO: Macroencapsulation with surface coating

           materials such as polymeric organics, e.g.,

           resins and plastics, or with a jacket of inert

           inorganic materials to substantially reduce

           surface exposure to potential leaching media.

           Macroencapsulation specifically does not include

           any material that would be classified as a tank

           or container according to Section R315-260-10.

NEUTR: Neutralization with the following reagents, or

           waste reagents, or combinations of reagents: (1)

           Acids; (2) bases; or (3) water, including

           wastewaters, resulting in a pH greater than 2

           but less than 12.5 as measured in the aqueous

           residuals.

NLDBR: No land disposal based on recycling.

POLYM: Formation of complex high-molecular weight

           solids through polymerization of monomers in

           high-TOC D001 non-wastewaters which are chemical

           components in the manufacture of plastics.

PRECP: Chemical precipitation of metals and other

           inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides,

           hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides, sulfates,

           chlorides, fluorides, or phosphates. The

           following reagents, or waste reagents, are

           typically used alone or in combination: (1)

           Lime, i.e., containing oxides and/or hydroxides

           of calcium and/or magnesium; (2) caustic, i.e.,

           sodium and/or potassium hydroxides; (3) soda

           ash, i.e., sodium carbonate; (4) sodium sulfide;

           (5) ferric sulfate or ferric chloride; (6) alum;

           or (7) sodium sulfate. Additional floculating,

           coagulation or similar reagents/processes that

           enhance sludge dewatering characteristics are

           not precluded from use.

RBERY: Thermal recovery of Beryllium.

RCGAS: Recovery/reuse of compressed gases including

           techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for

           reuse/resale; filtering/adsorption of

           impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale;

           and use of the gas as a fuel source.

RCORR: Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more

           of the following recovery technologies: (1)

           Distillation, i.e., thermal concentration; (2)

           ion exchange; (3) resin or solid adsorption; (4)

           reverse osmosis; and/or (5) incineration for the

           recovery of acid-Note: this does not preclude

           the use of other physical phase separation or

           concentration techniques such as decantation,

           filtration, including ultrafiltration, and

           centrifugation, when used in conjunction with

           the above listed recovery technologies.

RLEAD: Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead

           smelters.

RMERC: Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing

           unit capable of volatilizing mercury and

           subsequently condensing the volatilized mercury

           for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit, or

           facility. shall be subject to one or more of the

           following: (a) a National Emissions Standard for

           Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury;

           (b) a Best Available Control Technology (BACT)

           or a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)

           standard for mercury imposed pursuant to a

           Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

           permit; or (c) a state permit that establishes

           emission limitations, within meaning of section

           302 of the Clean Air Act, for mercury. All

           wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived

           from this process shall then comply with the

           corresponding treatment standards per waste code

           with consideration of any applicable

           subcategories, e.g., High or Low Mercury

           Subcategories.

RMETL: Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one

           or more of the following direct physical/removal

           technologies: (1) Ion exchange; (2) resin or

           solid, i.e., zeolites, adsorption; (3) reverse

           osmosis; (4) chelation/solvent extraction; (5)

           freeze crystalization; (6) ultrafiltration

           and/or (7) simple precipitation, i.e.,

           crystallization,- Note: This does not preclude

           the use of other physical phase separation or

           concentration techniques such as decantation,

           filtration, including ultrafiltration, and

           centrifugation, when used in conjunction with

           the above listed recovery technologies.

RORGS: Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of

           the following technologies: (1) Distillation;

           (2) thin film evaporation; (3) steam stripping;

           (4) carbon adsorption; (5) critical fluid

           extraction; (6) liquid-liquid extraction; (7)

           precipitation/crystallization, including freeze

           crystallization; or (8) chemical phase

           separation techniques, i.e., addition of acids,

           bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals;-Note:

           his does not preclude the use of other physical

           phase separation techniques such as a

           decantation, filtration, including

           ultrafiltration, and centrifugation, when used

           in conjunction with the above listed recovery

           technologies.

RTHRM: Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from

           nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial

           furnaces according to Subsections R315-260-

           10(1), (6), (7), (11), and (12) under the

           definition of "industrial furnaces".

RZINC: Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery

           units for the purpose of recovery of zinc.

STABL: Stabilization with the following reagents, or

           waste reagents, or combinations of reagents: (1)

           Portland cement; or (2) lime/pozzolans, e.g.,

           fly ash and cement kiln dust, -this does not

           preclude the addition of reagents, e.g., iron

           salts, silicates, and clays, designed to enhance

           the set/cure time and/or compressive strength,

           or to overall reduce the leachability of the

           metal or inorganic.

SSTRP: Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes

           utilizing direct application of steam to the

           wastes operated such that liquid and vapor flow

           rates, as well as temperature and pressure

           ranges, have been optimized, monitored, and

           maintained. These operating parameters are

           dependent upon the design parameters of the

           unit, such as the number of separation stages

           and the internal column design, thus, resulting

           in a condensed extract high in organics that

           shall undergo either incineration, reuse as a

           fuel, or other recovery/reuse and an extracted

           wastewater that shall undergo further treatment

           as specified in the standard.

VTD: Vacuum thermal desorption of low-level

           radioactive hazardous mixed waste in units in

           compliance with all applicable radioactive

           protection requirements under control of the

           Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

WETOX: Wet air oxidation performed in units operated

           such that a surrogate compound or indicator

           parameter has been substantially reduced in

           concentration in the residuals, e.g., Total

           Organic Carbon can often be used as an indicator

           parameter for the oxidation of many organic

           constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in

           wastewater residues.

WTRRX: Controlled reaction with water for highly

           reactive inorganic or organic chemicals with

           precautionary controls for protection of workers

           from potential violent reactions as well as

           precautionary controls for potential emissions

           of toxic/ignitable levels of gases released

           during the reaction.

Note 1: When a combination of these technologies, i.e., a

 treatment train, is specified as a single treatment

 standard, the order of application is specified in Section

 R315-268-42, Table 2 by indicating the five letter

 technology code that shall be applied first, then the

 designation "fb.," an abbreviation for "followed by," then

 the five letter technology code for the technology that

 shall be applied next, and so on.

Note 2: When more than one technology, or treatment train,

 are specified as alternative treatment standards, the five

 letter technology codes, or the treatment trains, are

 separated by a semicolon (;) with the last technology

 preceded by the word "OR".

  This indicates that any one of these BDAT technologies or

 treatment trains can be used for compliance with the

 standard.

  (b) Any person may submit an application to the Administrator demonstrating that an alternative treatment method can achieve a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in Subsection R315-268-42(a), (c), and (d) for wastes or specified in Table 1 of Section R315-268-45 for hazardous debris. The applicant shall submit information demonstrating that his treatment method is in compliance with federal, state, and local requirements and is protective of human health and the environment. On the basis of such information and any other available information, the Administrator may approve the use of the alternative treatment method if he finds that the alternative treatment method provides a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in Subsections R315-268-42(a), (c), and (d) for wastes or in Table 1 of Section R315-268-45 for hazardous debris. Any approval shall be stated in writing and may contain such provisions and conditions as the Administrator deems appropriate. The person to whom such approval is issued shall comply with all limitations contained in such a determination.

  (c) As an alternative to the otherwise applicable Sections R315-268-40 through 49 treatment standards, lab packs are eligible for land disposal provided the following requirements are met:

  (1) The lab packs comply with the applicable provisions of Section R315-264-316 and 40 CFR 265.316, which is adopted by reference;

  (2) The lab pack does not contain any of the wastes listed in Appendix IV to Rule R315-268;

  (3) The lab packs are incinerated in accordance with the requirements of Sections R315-264-340 through 351, or 40 CFR 265.340 through 352, which are adopted by reference; and

  (4) Any incinerator residues from lab packs containing D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011 are treated in compliance with the applicable treatment standards specified for such wastes in Sections R315-268-40 through 49.

  (d) Radioactive hazardous mixed wastes are subject to the treatment standards in Section R315-268-40. Where treatment standards are specified for radioactive mixed wastes in the Table of Treatment Standards, those treatment standards shall govern. Where there is no specific treatment standard for radioactive mixed waste, the treatment standard for the hazardous waste, as designated by EPA waste code, applies. Hazardous debris containing radioactive waste is subject to the treatment standards specified in Section R315-268-45.