Utah Administrative Code (Current through November 1, 2019) |
R315. Environmental Quality, Waste Management and Radiation Control, Waste Management |
R315-268. Land Disposal Restrictions |
R315-268-42. Land Disposal Restrictions -- Treatment Standards Expressed as Specified Technologies
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Note: For the requirements previously found in Section R315-268-42 in Table 2-Technology-Based Standards By RCRA Waste Code, and Table 3-Technology-Based Standards for Specific Radioactive Hazardous Mixed Waste, refer to Section R315-268-40.
(a) The following wastes in the table in R315-268-40 "Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes," for which standards are expressed as a treatment method rather than a concentration level, shall be treated using the technology or technologies specified in the table entitled "Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards" in Section R315-268-42.
Table 1
Technology Codes and Description
of Technology-Based Standards
Technology Description of technology-based standards
code
ADGAS: Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or
reacting media (i.e., solid or liquid)---venting
can be accomplished through physical release
utilizing valves/piping; physical penetration of
the container; and/or penetration through
detonation.
AMLGM: Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury
contaminated with radioactive materials
utilizing inorganic reagents such as copper,
zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a
nonliquid, semi-solid amalgam and thereby
reducing potential emissions of elemental
mercury vapors to the air.
BIODG: Biodegradation of organics or non-metallic
inorganics (i.e., degradable inorganics that
contain the elements of phosphorus, nitrogen,
and sulfur) in units operated under either
aerobic or anaerobic conditions such that a
surrogate compound or indicator parameter has
been substantially reduced in concentration in
the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Carbon can
often be used as an indicator parameter for the
biodegradation of many organic constituents that
cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater
residues.
CARBN: Carbon adsorption, granulated or powdered, of
non-metallic inorganics, organo-metallics,
and/or organic constituents, operated such that
a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has
not undergone breakthrough, e.g., Total Organic
Carbon can often be used as an indicator
parameter for the adsorption of many organic
constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
wastewater residues. Breakthrough occurs when
the carbon has become saturated with the
constituent, or indicator parameter, and
substantial change in adsorption rate associated
with that constituent occurs.
CHOXD: Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the
following oxidation reagents, or waste reagents,
or combinations of reagents: (1) Hypochlorite,
e.g., bleach; (2) chlorine; (3) chlorine
dioxide; (4) ozone or UV, ultraviolet light,
assisted ozone; (5) peroxides; (6) persulfates;
(7) perchlorates; (8) permangantes; and/or (9)
other oxidizing reagents of equivalent
efficiency, performed in units operated such
that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter
has been substantially reduced in concentration
in the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Carbon can
often be used as an indicator parameter for the
oxidation of many organic constituents that
cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater
residues. Chemical oxidation specifically
includes what is commonly referred to as
alkaline chlorination.
CHRED: Chemical reduction utilizing the following
reducing reagents, or waste reagents, or
combinations of reagents: (1) Sulfur dioxide;
(2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or
sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, and
polyethylene glycols, e.g., NaPEG and KPEG; (3)
sodium hydrosulfide; (4) ferrous salts; and/or
(5) other reducing reagents of equivalent
efficiency, performed in units operated such
that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter
has been substantially reduced in concentration
in the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Halogens
can often be used as an indicator parameter for
the reduction of many halogenated organic
constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
wastewater residues. Chemical reduction is
commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent
chromium to the trivalent state.
CMBST: High temperature organic destruction
technologies, such as combustion in
incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces
operated in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Sections R315-264-340 through
351, 40 CFR 265.340 through 352, which are
adopted by reference, or
Sections R315-266-100 through 112, and in other
units operated in accordance with applicable
technical operating requirements; and certain
non-combustive technologies, such as the
Catalytic Extraction Process.
DEACT: Deactivation to remove the hazardous
characteristics of a waste due to its
ignitability, corrosivity, and/or reactivity.
FSUBS: Fuel substitution in units operated in
accordance with applicable technical operating
requirements.
HLVIT: Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive
wastes in units in compliance with all
applicable radioactive protection requirements
under control of the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission.
IMERC: Incineration of wastes containing organics and
mercury in units operated in accordance with the
technical operating requirements of Sections
R315-264-340 through 351 and 40 CFR 265.340
through 352, which are adopted by reference. All
wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived
from this process shall then comply with the
corresponding treatment standards per waste code
with consideration of any applicable
subcategories, e.g., High or Low Mercury
Subcategories.
INCIN: Incineration in units operated in accordance
with the technical operating requirements of
Sections R315-264-340 through 351 and 40 CFR
265.340 through 352, which are adopted by
reference.
LLEXT: Liquid-liquid extraction, often referred to as
solvent extraction, of organics from liquid
wastes into an immiscible solvent for which the
hazardous constituents have a greater solvent
affinity, resulting in an extract high in
organics that shall undergo either incineration,
reuse as a fuel, or other recovery/reuse and a
raffinate, extracted liquid waste,
proportionately low in organics that shall
undergo further treatment as specified in the
standard.
MACRO: Macroencapsulation with surface coating
materials such as polymeric organics, e.g.,
resins and plastics, or with a jacket of inert
inorganic materials to substantially reduce
surface exposure to potential leaching media.
Macroencapsulation specifically does not include
any material that would be classified as a tank
or container according to Section R315-260-10.
NEUTR: Neutralization with the following reagents, or
waste reagents, or combinations of reagents: (1)
Acids; (2) bases; or (3) water, including
wastewaters, resulting in a pH greater than 2
but less than 12.5 as measured in the aqueous
residuals.
NLDBR: No land disposal based on recycling.
POLYM: Formation of complex high-molecular weight
solids through polymerization of monomers in
high-TOC D001 non-wastewaters which are chemical
components in the manufacture of plastics.
PRECP: Chemical precipitation of metals and other
inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides,
hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides, sulfates,
chlorides, fluorides, or phosphates. The
following reagents, or waste reagents, are
typically used alone or in combination: (1)
Lime, i.e., containing oxides and/or hydroxides
of calcium and/or magnesium; (2) caustic, i.e.,
sodium and/or potassium hydroxides; (3) soda
ash, i.e., sodium carbonate; (4) sodium sulfide;
(5) ferric sulfate or ferric chloride; (6) alum;
or (7) sodium sulfate. Additional floculating,
coagulation or similar reagents/processes that
enhance sludge dewatering characteristics are
not precluded from use.
RBERY: Thermal recovery of Beryllium.
RCGAS: Recovery/reuse of compressed gases including
techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for
reuse/resale; filtering/adsorption of
impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale;
and use of the gas as a fuel source.
RCORR: Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more
of the following recovery technologies: (1)
Distillation, i.e., thermal concentration; (2)
ion exchange; (3) resin or solid adsorption; (4)
reverse osmosis; and/or (5) incineration for the
recovery of acid-Note: this does not preclude
the use of other physical phase separation or
concentration techniques such as decantation,
filtration, including ultrafiltration, and
centrifugation, when used in conjunction with
the above listed recovery technologies.
RLEAD: Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead
smelters.
RMERC: Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing
unit capable of volatilizing mercury and
subsequently condensing the volatilized mercury
for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit, or
facility. shall be subject to one or more of the
following: (a) a National Emissions Standard for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury;
(b) a Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
or a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)
standard for mercury imposed pursuant to a
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
permit; or (c) a state permit that establishes
emission limitations, within meaning of section
302 of the Clean Air Act, for mercury. All
wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived
from this process shall then comply with the
corresponding treatment standards per waste code
with consideration of any applicable
subcategories, e.g., High or Low Mercury
Subcategories.
RMETL: Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one
or more of the following direct physical/removal
technologies: (1) Ion exchange; (2) resin or
solid, i.e., zeolites, adsorption; (3) reverse
osmosis; (4) chelation/solvent extraction; (5)
freeze crystalization; (6) ultrafiltration
and/or (7) simple precipitation, i.e.,
crystallization,- Note: This does not preclude
the use of other physical phase separation or
concentration techniques such as decantation,
filtration, including ultrafiltration, and
centrifugation, when used in conjunction with
the above listed recovery technologies.
RORGS: Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of
the following technologies: (1) Distillation;
(2) thin film evaporation; (3) steam stripping;
(4) carbon adsorption; (5) critical fluid
extraction; (6) liquid-liquid extraction; (7)
precipitation/crystallization, including freeze
crystallization; or (8) chemical phase
separation techniques, i.e., addition of acids,
bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals;-Note:
his does not preclude the use of other physical
phase separation techniques such as a
decantation, filtration, including
ultrafiltration, and centrifugation, when used
in conjunction with the above listed recovery
technologies.
RTHRM: Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from
nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial
furnaces according to Subsections R315-260-
10(1), (6), (7), (11), and (12) under the
definition of "industrial furnaces".
RZINC: Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery
units for the purpose of recovery of zinc.
STABL: Stabilization with the following reagents, or
waste reagents, or combinations of reagents: (1)
Portland cement; or (2) lime/pozzolans, e.g.,
fly ash and cement kiln dust, -this does not
preclude the addition of reagents, e.g., iron
salts, silicates, and clays, designed to enhance
the set/cure time and/or compressive strength,
or to overall reduce the leachability of the
metal or inorganic.
SSTRP: Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes
utilizing direct application of steam to the
wastes operated such that liquid and vapor flow
rates, as well as temperature and pressure
ranges, have been optimized, monitored, and
maintained. These operating parameters are
dependent upon the design parameters of the
unit, such as the number of separation stages
and the internal column design, thus, resulting
in a condensed extract high in organics that
shall undergo either incineration, reuse as a
fuel, or other recovery/reuse and an extracted
wastewater that shall undergo further treatment
as specified in the standard.
VTD: Vacuum thermal desorption of low-level
radioactive hazardous mixed waste in units in
compliance with all applicable radioactive
protection requirements under control of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
WETOX: Wet air oxidation performed in units operated
such that a surrogate compound or indicator
parameter has been substantially reduced in
concentration in the residuals, e.g., Total
Organic Carbon can often be used as an indicator
parameter for the oxidation of many organic
constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
wastewater residues.
WTRRX: Controlled reaction with water for highly
reactive inorganic or organic chemicals with
precautionary controls for protection of workers
from potential violent reactions as well as
precautionary controls for potential emissions
of toxic/ignitable levels of gases released
during the reaction.
Note 1: When a combination of these technologies, i.e., a
treatment train, is specified as a single treatment
standard, the order of application is specified in Section
R315-268-42, Table 2 by indicating the five letter
technology code that shall be applied first, then the
designation "fb.," an abbreviation for "followed by," then
the five letter technology code for the technology that
shall be applied next, and so on.
Note 2: When more than one technology, or treatment train,
are specified as alternative treatment standards, the five
letter technology codes, or the treatment trains, are
separated by a semicolon (;) with the last technology
preceded by the word "OR".
This indicates that any one of these BDAT technologies or
treatment trains can be used for compliance with the
standard.
(b) Any person may submit an application to the Administrator demonstrating that an alternative treatment method can achieve a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in Subsection R315-268-42(a), (c), and (d) for wastes or specified in Table 1 of Section R315-268-45 for hazardous debris. The applicant shall submit information demonstrating that his treatment method is in compliance with federal, state, and local requirements and is protective of human health and the environment. On the basis of such information and any other available information, the Administrator may approve the use of the alternative treatment method if he finds that the alternative treatment method provides a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in Subsections R315-268-42(a), (c), and (d) for wastes or in Table 1 of Section R315-268-45 for hazardous debris. Any approval shall be stated in writing and may contain such provisions and conditions as the Administrator deems appropriate. The person to whom such approval is issued shall comply with all limitations contained in such a determination.
(c) As an alternative to the otherwise applicable Sections R315-268-40 through 49 treatment standards, lab packs are eligible for land disposal provided the following requirements are met:
(1) The lab packs comply with the applicable provisions of Section R315-264-316 and 40 CFR 265.316, which is adopted by reference;
(2) The lab pack does not contain any of the wastes listed in Appendix IV to Rule R315-268;
(3) The lab packs are incinerated in accordance with the requirements of Sections R315-264-340 through 351, or 40 CFR 265.340 through 352, which are adopted by reference; and
(4) Any incinerator residues from lab packs containing D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011 are treated in compliance with the applicable treatment standards specified for such wastes in Sections R315-268-40 through 49.
(d) Radioactive hazardous mixed wastes are subject to the treatment standards in Section R315-268-40. Where treatment standards are specified for radioactive mixed wastes in the Table of Treatment Standards, those treatment standards shall govern. Where there is no specific treatment standard for radioactive mixed waste, the treatment standard for the hazardous waste, as designated by EPA waste code, applies. Hazardous debris containing radioactive waste is subject to the treatment standards specified in Section R315-268-45.