R315-268-42. Land Disposal Restrictions -- Treatment Standards Expressed as Specified Technologies  


Latest version.
  •   Note: For the requirements previously found in Section R315-268-42 in Table 2-Technology-Based Standards By RCRA Waste Code, and Table 3-Technology-Based Standards for Specific Radioactive Hazardous Mixed Waste, refer to Section R315-268-40.

      (a) The following wastes in the table in R315-268-40 "Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes," for which standards are expressed as a treatment method rather than a concentration level, shall be treated using the technology or technologies specified in the table entitled "Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards" in Section R315-268-42.


    Table 1


    Technology Codes and Description

    of Technology-Based Standards


    Technology Description of technology-based standards

    code

    ADGAS: Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or

               reacting media (i.e., solid or liquid)---venting

               can be accomplished through physical release

               utilizing valves/piping; physical penetration of

               the container; and/or penetration through

               detonation.

    AMLGM: Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury

               contaminated with radioactive materials

               utilizing inorganic reagents such as copper,

               zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a

               nonliquid, semi-solid amalgam and thereby

               reducing potential emissions of elemental

               mercury vapors to the air.

    BIODG: Biodegradation of organics or non-metallic

               inorganics (i.e., degradable inorganics that

               contain the elements of phosphorus, nitrogen,

               and sulfur) in units operated under either

               aerobic or anaerobic conditions such that a

               surrogate compound or indicator parameter has

               been substantially reduced in concentration in

               the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Carbon can

               often be used as an indicator parameter for the

               biodegradation of many organic constituents that

               cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater

               residues.

    CARBN: Carbon adsorption, granulated or powdered, of

               non-metallic inorganics, organo-metallics,

               and/or organic constituents, operated such that

               a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has

               not undergone breakthrough, e.g., Total Organic

               Carbon can often be used as an indicator

               parameter for the adsorption of many organic

               constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in

               wastewater residues. Breakthrough occurs when

               the carbon has become saturated with the

               constituent, or indicator parameter, and

               substantial change in adsorption rate associated

               with that constituent occurs.

    CHOXD: Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the

               following oxidation reagents, or waste reagents,

               or combinations of reagents: (1) Hypochlorite,

               e.g., bleach; (2) chlorine; (3) chlorine

               dioxide; (4) ozone or UV, ultraviolet light,

               assisted ozone; (5) peroxides; (6) persulfates;

               (7) perchlorates; (8) permangantes; and/or (9)

               other oxidizing reagents of equivalent

               efficiency, performed in units operated such

               that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter

               has been substantially reduced in concentration

               in the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Carbon can

               often be used as an indicator parameter for the

               oxidation of many organic constituents that

               cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater

               residues. Chemical oxidation specifically

               includes what is commonly referred to as

               alkaline chlorination.

    CHRED: Chemical reduction utilizing the following

               reducing reagents, or waste reagents, or

               combinations of reagents: (1) Sulfur dioxide;

               (2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or

               sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, and

               polyethylene glycols, e.g., NaPEG and KPEG; (3)

               sodium hydrosulfide; (4) ferrous salts; and/or

               (5) other reducing reagents of equivalent

               efficiency, performed in units operated such

               that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter

               has been substantially reduced in concentration

               in the residuals, e.g., Total Organic Halogens

               can often be used as an indicator parameter for

               the reduction of many halogenated organic

               constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in

               wastewater residues. Chemical reduction is

               commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent

               chromium to the trivalent state.

    CMBST: High temperature organic destruction

               technologies, such as combustion in

               incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces

               operated in accordance with the applicable

               requirements of Sections R315-264-340 through

               351, 40 CFR 265.340 through 352, which are

               adopted by reference, or

               Sections R315-266-100 through 112, and in other

               units operated in accordance with applicable

               technical operating requirements; and certain

               non-combustive technologies, such as the

               Catalytic Extraction Process.

    DEACT: Deactivation to remove the hazardous

               characteristics of a waste due to its

               ignitability, corrosivity, and/or reactivity.

    FSUBS: Fuel substitution in units operated in

               accordance with applicable technical operating

               requirements.

    HLVIT: Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive

               wastes in units in compliance with all

               applicable radioactive protection requirements

               under control of the Nuclear Regulatory

               Commission.

    IMERC: Incineration of wastes containing organics and

               mercury in units operated in accordance with the

               technical operating requirements of Sections

               R315-264-340 through 351 and 40 CFR 265.340

               through 352, which are adopted by reference. All

               wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived

               from this process shall then comply with the

               corresponding treatment standards per waste code

               with consideration of any applicable

               subcategories, e.g., High or Low Mercury

               Subcategories.

    INCIN: Incineration in units operated in accordance

               with the technical operating requirements of

               Sections R315-264-340 through 351 and 40 CFR

               265.340 through 352, which are adopted by

               reference.

    LLEXT: Liquid-liquid extraction, often referred to as

               solvent extraction, of organics from liquid

               wastes into an immiscible solvent for which the

               hazardous constituents have a greater solvent

               affinity, resulting in an extract high in

               organics that shall undergo either incineration,

               reuse as a fuel, or other recovery/reuse and a

               raffinate, extracted liquid waste,

               proportionately low in organics that shall

               undergo further treatment as specified in the

               standard.

    MACRO: Macroencapsulation with surface coating

               materials such as polymeric organics, e.g.,

               resins and plastics, or with a jacket of inert

               inorganic materials to substantially reduce

               surface exposure to potential leaching media.

               Macroencapsulation specifically does not include

               any material that would be classified as a tank

               or container according to Section R315-260-10.

    NEUTR: Neutralization with the following reagents, or

               waste reagents, or combinations of reagents: (1)

               Acids; (2) bases; or (3) water, including

               wastewaters, resulting in a pH greater than 2

               but less than 12.5 as measured in the aqueous

               residuals.

    NLDBR: No land disposal based on recycling.

    POLYM: Formation of complex high-molecular weight

               solids through polymerization of monomers in

               high-TOC D001 non-wastewaters which are chemical

               components in the manufacture of plastics.

    PRECP: Chemical precipitation of metals and other

               inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides,

               hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides, sulfates,

               chlorides, fluorides, or phosphates. The

               following reagents, or waste reagents, are

               typically used alone or in combination: (1)

               Lime, i.e., containing oxides and/or hydroxides

               of calcium and/or magnesium; (2) caustic, i.e.,

               sodium and/or potassium hydroxides; (3) soda

               ash, i.e., sodium carbonate; (4) sodium sulfide;

               (5) ferric sulfate or ferric chloride; (6) alum;

               or (7) sodium sulfate. Additional floculating,

               coagulation or similar reagents/processes that

               enhance sludge dewatering characteristics are

               not precluded from use.

    RBERY: Thermal recovery of Beryllium.

    RCGAS: Recovery/reuse of compressed gases including

               techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for

               reuse/resale; filtering/adsorption of

               impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale;

               and use of the gas as a fuel source.

    RCORR: Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more

               of the following recovery technologies: (1)

               Distillation, i.e., thermal concentration; (2)

               ion exchange; (3) resin or solid adsorption; (4)

               reverse osmosis; and/or (5) incineration for the

               recovery of acid-Note: this does not preclude

               the use of other physical phase separation or

               concentration techniques such as decantation,

               filtration, including ultrafiltration, and

               centrifugation, when used in conjunction with

               the above listed recovery technologies.

    RLEAD: Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead

               smelters.

    RMERC: Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing

               unit capable of volatilizing mercury and

               subsequently condensing the volatilized mercury

               for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit, or

               facility. shall be subject to one or more of the

               following: (a) a National Emissions Standard for

               Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury;

               (b) a Best Available Control Technology (BACT)

               or a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)

               standard for mercury imposed pursuant to a

               Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

               permit; or (c) a state permit that establishes

               emission limitations, within meaning of section

               302 of the Clean Air Act, for mercury. All

               wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived

               from this process shall then comply with the

               corresponding treatment standards per waste code

               with consideration of any applicable

               subcategories, e.g., High or Low Mercury

               Subcategories.

    RMETL: Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one

               or more of the following direct physical/removal

               technologies: (1) Ion exchange; (2) resin or

               solid, i.e., zeolites, adsorption; (3) reverse

               osmosis; (4) chelation/solvent extraction; (5)

               freeze crystalization; (6) ultrafiltration

               and/or (7) simple precipitation, i.e.,

               crystallization,- Note: This does not preclude

               the use of other physical phase separation or

               concentration techniques such as decantation,

               filtration, including ultrafiltration, and

               centrifugation, when used in conjunction with

               the above listed recovery technologies.

    RORGS: Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of

               the following technologies: (1) Distillation;

               (2) thin film evaporation; (3) steam stripping;

               (4) carbon adsorption; (5) critical fluid

               extraction; (6) liquid-liquid extraction; (7)

               precipitation/crystallization, including freeze

               crystallization; or (8) chemical phase

               separation techniques, i.e., addition of acids,

               bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals;-Note:

               his does not preclude the use of other physical

               phase separation techniques such as a

               decantation, filtration, including

               ultrafiltration, and centrifugation, when used

               in conjunction with the above listed recovery

               technologies.

    RTHRM: Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from

               nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial

               furnaces according to Subsections R315-260-

               10(1), (6), (7), (11), and (12) under the

               definition of "industrial furnaces".

    RZINC: Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery

               units for the purpose of recovery of zinc.

    STABL: Stabilization with the following reagents, or

               waste reagents, or combinations of reagents: (1)

               Portland cement; or (2) lime/pozzolans, e.g.,

               fly ash and cement kiln dust, -this does not

               preclude the addition of reagents, e.g., iron

               salts, silicates, and clays, designed to enhance

               the set/cure time and/or compressive strength,

               or to overall reduce the leachability of the

               metal or inorganic.

    SSTRP: Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes

               utilizing direct application of steam to the

               wastes operated such that liquid and vapor flow

               rates, as well as temperature and pressure

               ranges, have been optimized, monitored, and

               maintained. These operating parameters are

               dependent upon the design parameters of the

               unit, such as the number of separation stages

               and the internal column design, thus, resulting

               in a condensed extract high in organics that

               shall undergo either incineration, reuse as a

               fuel, or other recovery/reuse and an extracted

               wastewater that shall undergo further treatment

               as specified in the standard.

    VTD: Vacuum thermal desorption of low-level

               radioactive hazardous mixed waste in units in

               compliance with all applicable radioactive

               protection requirements under control of the

               Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

    WETOX: Wet air oxidation performed in units operated

               such that a surrogate compound or indicator

               parameter has been substantially reduced in

               concentration in the residuals, e.g., Total

               Organic Carbon can often be used as an indicator

               parameter for the oxidation of many organic

               constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in

               wastewater residues.

    WTRRX: Controlled reaction with water for highly

               reactive inorganic or organic chemicals with

               precautionary controls for protection of workers

               from potential violent reactions as well as

               precautionary controls for potential emissions

               of toxic/ignitable levels of gases released

               during the reaction.


    Note 1: When a combination of these technologies, i.e., a

     treatment train, is specified as a single treatment

     standard, the order of application is specified in Section

     R315-268-42, Table 2 by indicating the five letter

     technology code that shall be applied first, then the

     designation "fb.," an abbreviation for "followed by," then

     the five letter technology code for the technology that

     shall be applied next, and so on.

    Note 2: When more than one technology, or treatment train,

     are specified as alternative treatment standards, the five

     letter technology codes, or the treatment trains, are

     separated by a semicolon (;) with the last technology

     preceded by the word "OR".

      This indicates that any one of these BDAT technologies or

     treatment trains can be used for compliance with the

     standard.


      (b) Any person may submit an application to the Administrator demonstrating that an alternative treatment method can achieve a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in Subsection R315-268-42(a), (c), and (d) for wastes or specified in Table 1 of Section R315-268-45 for hazardous debris. The applicant shall submit information demonstrating that his treatment method is in compliance with federal, state, and local requirements and is protective of human health and the environment. On the basis of such information and any other available information, the Administrator may approve the use of the alternative treatment method if he finds that the alternative treatment method provides a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in Subsections R315-268-42(a), (c), and (d) for wastes or in Table 1 of Section R315-268-45 for hazardous debris. Any approval shall be stated in writing and may contain such provisions and conditions as the Administrator deems appropriate. The person to whom such approval is issued shall comply with all limitations contained in such a determination.

      (c) As an alternative to the otherwise applicable Sections R315-268-40 through 49 treatment standards, lab packs are eligible for land disposal provided the following requirements are met:

      (1) The lab packs comply with the applicable provisions of Section R315-264-316 and 40 CFR 265.316, which is adopted by reference;

      (2) The lab pack does not contain any of the wastes listed in Appendix IV to Rule R315-268;

      (3) The lab packs are incinerated in accordance with the requirements of Sections R315-264-340 through 351, or 40 CFR 265.340 through 352, which are adopted by reference; and

      (4) Any incinerator residues from lab packs containing D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011 are treated in compliance with the applicable treatment standards specified for such wastes in Sections R315-268-40 through 49.

      (d) Radioactive hazardous mixed wastes are subject to the treatment standards in Section R315-268-40. Where treatment standards are specified for radioactive mixed wastes in the Table of Treatment Standards, those treatment standards shall govern. Where there is no specific treatment standard for radioactive mixed waste, the treatment standard for the hazardous waste, as designated by EPA waste code, applies. Hazardous debris containing radioactive waste is subject to the treatment standards specified in Section R315-268-45.