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Utah Administrative Code (Current through November 1, 2019) |
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R307. Environmental Quality, Air Quality |
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R307-840. Lead-Based Paint Program Purpose, Applicability, and Definitions |
| R307-840-1. Purpose and Applicability |
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Latest version.
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(1) Rule R307-840, R307-841, and R307-842 establish procedures and requirements for the accreditation of training programs for lead-based paint activities and renovations, procedures and requirements for the certification of individuals and firms engaged in lead-based paint activities and renovations, and work practice standards for performing such activities. These rules also require that, except as outlined in R307-840-1(2), all lead-based paint activities and renovations, as defined in these rules, must be performed by certified individuals and firms. (2) R307-840, R307-841, and R307-842 apply to all individuals and firms who are engaged in lead-based paint activities and renovations as defined in R307-840-2, except persons who perform these activities within residential dwellings that they own, unless the residential dwelling is occupied by a person or persons other than the owner or the owner's immediate family while these activities are being performed, or a child residing in the building has been identified as having an elevated blood lead level. (3) R307-840, R307-841, and R307-842 identify lead-based paint hazards. The standards for lead-based paint hazards apply to target housing and child-occupied facilities. (4) R307-840, R307-841, and R307-842 do not require the owner of the property or properties subject to these rules to evaluate the property or properties for the presence of lead-based paint hazards or take any action to control these conditions if one or more of them is identified. (5) While R307-840, R307-841, and R307-842 establish specific requirements for performing lead-based paint activities and renovations should they be undertaken, these rules do not require that the owner or occupant undertake any particular lead-based paint activity or renovation. (6) Individuals or firms wishing to deviate from the certification, notification, work practice, or other requirements of R307-840, R307-841, and/or R307-842 may do so only after requesting and obtaining written approval from the director. |
| R307-840-2. Definitions |
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The following definitions apply to R307-840, R307-841, and R307-842, in addition to the definitions found in R307-101-2. "Abatement" means any measure or set of measures designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards. Abatement includes, but is not limited to: (1) The removal of paint and dust, the permanent enclosure or encapsulation of lead-based paint, the replacement of painted surfaces or fixtures, or the removal or permanent covering of soil, when lead-based paint hazards are present in such paint, dust, or soil; and (2) All preparation, cleanup, disposal, and post-abatement clearance testing activities associated with such measures. (3) Specifically, abatement includes, but is not limited to: (a) Projects for which there is a written contract or other documentation, which provides that an individual or firm will be conducting activities in or to a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility that: (i) Shall result in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards; or (ii) Are designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards and are described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this definition. (b) Projects resulting in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards, conducted by firms or individuals certified in accordance with R307-842-2, unless such projects are covered by paragraph (4) of this definition; (c) Projects resulting in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards, conducted by firms or individuals who, through their company name or promotional literature, represent, advertise, or hold themselves out to be in the business of performing lead-based paint activities as identified and defined by this section, unless such projects are covered by paragraph (4) of this definition; or (d) Projects resulting in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards that are conducted in response to State of Utah or local abatement orders. (4) Abatement does not include renovation, remodeling, landscaping or other activities, when such activities are not designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, but, instead, are designed to repair, restore, or remodel a given structure or dwelling, even though these activities may incidentally result in a reduction or elimination of lead-based paint hazards. Furthermore, abatement does not include interim controls, operations and maintenance activities, or other measures and activities designed to temporarily, but not permanently, reduce lead-based paint hazards. "Accredited Training Program" means a training program that has been accredited by the director pursuant to R307-842-1 to provide training for individuals engaged in lead-based paint activities. "Adequate Quality Control" means a plan or design which ensures the authenticity, integrity, and accuracy of samples, including dust, soil, and paint chip or paint film samples. Adequate quality control also includes provisions for representative sampling. "Arithmetic Mean" means the algebraic sum of data values divided by the number of data values (e.g., the sum of the concentration of lead in several soil samples divided by the number of samples). "Business Day" means Monday through Friday with the exception of federal and State of Utah holidays. "Certificate of Mailing" means Certificate of Mailing as defined by the United States Postal Service. "Certified Abatement Worker" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-842-2 to perform abatements. "Certified Dust Sampling Technician" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-841-8(1) and R307-842-2 to collect dust samples. "Certified Firm" means a company, partnership, corporation, sole proprietorship or individual doing business, association, or other business entity; a federal, state, tribal, or local government agency; or a nonprofit organization that performs lead-based paint activities, renovations, or dust sampling to which the director has issued a certificate of approval pursuant to R307-842-2(5). "Certified Inspector" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-842-2 to conduct inspections. A certified inspector also samples for the presence of lead in dust and soil for the purposes of abatement clearance testing. "Certified Project Designer" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-842-2 to prepare abatement project designs, occupant protection plans, and abatement reports. "Certified Renovator" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-841-8(1) and R307-842-2 to conduct renovations. "Certified Risk Assessor" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-842-2 to conduct risk assessments. A risk assessor also samples for the presence of lead in dust and soil for the purposes of abatement clearance testing. "Certified Supervisor" means an individual who has been trained by an accredited training program and certified by the director pursuant to R307-842-2 to supervise and conduct abatements, and to prepare occupant protection plans and abatement reports. "Chewable Surface" means an interior or exterior surface painted with lead-based paint that a young child can mouth or chew. A chewable surface is the same as an "accessible surface" as defined in 42 U.S.C. 4851b(2). Hard metal substrates and other materials that can not be dented by the bite of a young child are not considered chewable. "Child-Occupied Facility" means a building, or portion of a building, constructed prior to 1978, visited regularly by the same child, under 6 years of age, on at least two different days within any week (Sunday through Saturday period), provided that each day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and the combined weekly visits last at least 6 hours, and the combined annual visits last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied facilities may include, but are not limited to, day care centers, preschools and kindergarten classrooms. Child-occupied facilities may be located in target housing or in public or commercial buildings. With respect to common areas in public or commercial buildings that contain child-occupied facilities, the child-occupied facility encompasses only those common areas that are routinely used by children under age 6, such as restrooms and cafeterias. Common areas that children under age 6 only pass through, such as hallways, stairways, and garages are not included. In addition, with respect to exteriors of public or commercial buildings that contain child-occupied facilities, the child-occupied facility encompasses only the exterior sides of the building that are immediately adjacent to the child-occupied facility or the common areas routinely used by children under age 6. "Cleaning Verification Card" means a card developed and distributed, or otherwise approved, by EPA for the purpose of determining, through comparison of wet and dry disposable cleaning cloths with the card, whether post-renovation cleaning has been properly completed. "Clearance Levels" are values that indicate the maximum amount of lead permitted in dust on a surface following completion of an abatement activity. "Common Area" means a portion of a building that is generally accessible to all occupants. Such an area may include, but is not limited to, hallways, stairways, laundry and recreational rooms, playgrounds, community centers, garages, and boundary fences. "Common Area Group" means a group of common areas that are similar in design, construction, and function. Common area groups include, but are not limited to hallways, stairways, and laundry rooms. "Component or Building Component" means specific design or structural elements or fixtures of a building or residential dwelling that are distinguished from each other by form, function, and location. These include, but are not limited to, interior components such as ceilings, crown molding, walls, chair rails, doors, door trim, floors, fireplaces, radiators and other heating units, shelves, shelf supports, stair treads, stair risers, stair stringers, newel posts, railing caps, balustrades, windows and trim (including sashes, window heads, jambs, sills or stools and troughs), built in cabinets, columns, beams, bathroom vanities, counter tops, and air conditioners, and exterior components such as painted roofing, chimneys, flashing, gutters and downspouts, ceilings, soffits, fascias, rake boards, cornerboards, bulkheads, doors and door trim, fences, floors, joists, lattice work, railings and railing caps, siding, handrails, stair risers and treads, stair stringers, columns, balustrades, window sills or stools and troughs, casings, sashes and wells, and air conditioners. "Concentration" means the relative content of a specific substance contained within a larger mass, such as the amount of lead (in micrograms per gram or parts per million by weight) in a sample of dust or soil. "Containment" means a process to protect workers and the environment by controlling exposures to the lead-contaminated dust and debris created during an abatement. "Course Agenda" means an outline of the key topics to be covered during a training course, including the time allotted to teach each topic. "Course Test" means an evaluation of the overall effectiveness of the training which shall test the trainees' knowledge and retention of the topics covered during the course. "Course Test Blue Print" means written documentation identifying the proportion of course test questions devoted to each major topic in the course curriculum. "Deteriorated Paint" means any interior or exterior paint or other coating that is flaking, peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking, or any other paint or coating located on an interior or exterior surface or fixture that is otherwise damaged or separated from the substrate. "Discipline" means one of the specific types or categories of lead-based paint activities identified in this rule for which individuals may receive training from accredited programs and become certified by the director. Disciplines include Abatement Worker, Dust Sampling Technician, Inspector, Project Designer, Renovator, Risk Assessor, and Supervisor. "Distinct Painting History" means the application history, as indicated by its visual appearance or a record of application, over time, of paint or other surface coatings to a component or room. "Documented Methodologies" are methods or protocols used to sample for the presence of lead in paint, dust, and soil. "Dripline" means the area within 3 feet surrounding the perimeter of the building. "Dry Disposable Cleaning Cloth" means a commercially available dry, electrostatically charged, white disposable cloth designed to be used for cleaning hard surfaces such as uncarpeted floors or counter tops. "Dust-lead hazard" means surface dust in a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility that contains a mass-per-area concentration of lead equal to or exceeding 40 ug/ft2 on floors or 250 ug/ft2 on interior window sills based on wipe samples. "Elevated Blood Lead Level " means an excessive absorption of lead that is a confirmed concentration of lead in whole blood of 20 micrograms of lead per deciliter of whole blood (ug/dl) for a single venous test or of 15-19 ug/dl in two consecutive tests taken 3 to 4 months apart. "Emergency Renovation Operations" means renovation activities, such as operations necessitated by non-routine failures of equipment, that were not planned but result from a sudden, unexpected event that, if not immediately attended to, presents a safety or public health hazard, or threatens equipment and/or property with significant damage. "Encapsulant" means a substance that forms a barrier between lead-based paint and the environment using a liquid-applied coating (with or without reinforcement materials) or an adhesively bonded covering material. "Encapsulation" means the application of an encapsulant. "Enclosure" means the use of rigid, durable construction materials that are mechanically fastened to the substrate in order to act as a barrier between lead-based paint and the environment. "EPA" means the United States Environmental Protection Agency. "Friction Surface" means an interior or exterior surface that is subject to abrasion or friction, including, but not limited to, certain window, floor, and stair surfaces. "Guest Instructor" means an individual designated by the training program manager or principal instructor to provide instruction specific to the lecture, hands-on activities, or work practice components of a course. "Hands-On Skills Assessment" means an evaluation which tests the trainees' ability to satisfactorily perform the work practices and procedures identified in R307-842-1(4), as well as any other skill taught in a training course. "Hazardous Waste" means any waste as defined in 40 CFR 261.3. "HEPA Vacuum" means a vacuum cleaner which has been designed with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter as the last filtration stage. A HEPA filter is a filter that is capable of capturing particulates of 0.3 microns with 99.97% efficiency. The vacuum cleaner must be designed so that all the air drawn into the machine is expelled through the HEPA filter with none of the air leaking past it. HEPA vacuums must be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. "Housing for the Elderly" means retirement communities or similar types of housing reserved for households composed of one or more persons 62 years of age or more at the time of initial occupancy. "HUD" means the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. "Impact Surface" means an interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage by repeated sudden force such as certain parts of door frames. "Inspection" means a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint and the provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation. "Interim Certification" means the status of an individual who has successfully completed the appropriate training course in a discipline from an accredited training program, as defined by this section, but has not yet received formal certification in that discipline from the director pursuant to R307-842-2. Interim certification expires 6 months after the completion of the training course, and is equivalent to a certificate for the 6-month period. "Interim Controls" means a set of measures designed to temporarily reduce human exposure or likely exposure to lead-based paint hazards, including specialized cleaning, repairs, maintenance, painting, temporary containment, ongoing monitoring of lead-based paint hazards or potential hazards, and the establishment and operation of management and resident education programs. "Interior Window Sill" means the portion of the horizontal window ledge that protrudes into the interior of the room. "Lead-Based Paint" means paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligrams per square centimeter or more than 0.5% by weight. "Lead-Based Paint Activities" means, in the case of target housing and child-occupied facilities, inspection, risk assessment, and abatement. "Lead-Based Paint Activities Courses" means initial and refresher training courses (worker, supervisor, inspector, risk assessor, project designer) provided by accredited training programs. "Lead-Based Paint Hazard" means, for the purposes of lead-based paint activities, any condition that causes exposure to lead from lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated soil, or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as identified by the Administrator of the EPA pursuant to TSCA Section 403, and for the purposes of renovation, means hazardous lead-based paint, dust-lead hazard, or soil-lead hazard as identified in R307-840-2. "Lead-Hazard Screen" means a limited risk assessment activity that involves limited paint and dust sampling as described in R307-842-3(3). "Living Area" means any area of a residential dwelling used by one or more children age 6 and under, including, but not limited to, living rooms, kitchen areas, dens, play rooms, and children's bedrooms. "Loading" means the quantity of a specific substance present per unit of surface area, such as the amount of lead in micrograms contained in the dust collected from a certain surface area divided by the surface area in square feet or square meters. "Local Government" means a county, city, town, borough, parish, district, association, or other public body (including an agency comprised of two or more of the foregoing entities) created under state law. "Mid-Yard" means an area of a residential yard approximately midway between the dripline of a residential building and the nearest property boundary or between the driplines of a residential building and another building on the same property. "Minor Repair and Maintenance Activities" are activities, including minor heating, ventilation, or air conditioning work, electrical work, and plumbing, that disrupt 6 square feet or less of painted surface per room for interior activities or 20 square feet or less of painted surface for exterior activities where none of the work practices prohibited or restricted by R307-841-5(1)(c) are used and where the work does not involve window replacement or demolition of painted surface areas. When removing painted components, or portions of painted components, the entire surface area removed is the amount of painted surface disturbed. Jobs, other than emergency renovations, performed in the same room within the same 30 days must be considered the same job for the purpose of determining whether the job is a minor repair and maintenance activity. "Multi-Family Dwelling" means a structure that contains more than one separate residential dwelling unit which is used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, in whole or in part, as the home or residence of one or more persons. "Multi-Family Housing" means a housing property consisting of more than four dwelling units. "Nonprofit" means an entity which has demonstrated to any branch of the federal government or to a state, municipal, tribal or territorial government, that no part of its net earnings inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. "Owner" means any entity that has legal title to target housing, including but not limited to individuals, partnerships, corporations, trusts, government agencies, housing agencies, Indian tribes, and nonprofit organizations, except where a mortgagee holds legal title to property serving as collateral for a mortgage loan, in which case the owner would be the mortgagor. "Paint In Poor Condition" means more than 10 square feet of deteriorated paint on exterior components with large surface areas, or more than 2 square feet of deteriorated paint on interior components with large surface areas (e.g., walls, ceilings, floors, doors), or more than 10% of the total surface area of the component is deteriorated on interior or exterior components with small surface areas (window sills, baseboards, soffits, trim). "Paint-lead hazard" means any of the following: (a) Any lead-based paint on a friction surface that is subject to abrasion and where the lead dust levels on the nearest horizontal surface underneath the friction surface (e.g., the window sill or floor) are equal to or greater than the dust-lead hazard levels identified in the definition of "Dust-lead hazard". (b) Any damaged or otherwise deteriorated lead-based paint on an impact surface that is caused by impact from a related building component (such as a door knob that knocks into a wall or a door that knocks against its door frame). (c) Any chewable lead-based painted surface on which there is evidence of teeth marks. (d) Any other deteriorated lead-based paint in any residential building or child-occupied facility or on the exterior of any residential building or child-occupied facility. "Painted surface" means a component surface covered in whole or in part with paint or other surface coatings. "Pamphlet" means the EPA pamphlet titled "Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools" developed under Section 406(a) of TSCA for use in complying with section 406(b) of TSCA. This includes reproductions of the pamphlet when copied in full and without revision or deletion of material from the pamphlet (except for the addition or revision of state or local sources of information). "Permanently Covered Soil" means soil which has been separated from human contact by the placement of a barrier consisting of solid, relatively impermeable materials, such as pavement or concrete. Grass, mulch, and other landscaping materials are not considered permanent covering. "Person" means any natural or judicial person including any individual, corporation, partnership, or association, any Indian tribe, state, or political subdivision thereof, any interstate body, and any department, agency, or instrumentality of the federal government. "Play Area" means an area of frequent soil contact by children of less than 6 years of age as indicated by, but not limited to, such factors including the presence of play equipment (e.g., sandboxes, swing sets, and sliding boards), toys, or other children's possessions, observations of play patterns, or information provided by parents, residents, care givers, or property owners. "Principal Instructor" means the individual who has the primary responsibility for organizing and teaching a particular course. "Recognized Laboratory" means an environmental laboratory recognized by EPA pursuant to TSCA Section 405(b) as being capable of performing an analysis for lead compounds in paint, soil, and dust. "Recognized Test Kit" means a commercially available kit recognized by EPA under 40 CFR 745.88 as being capable of allowing a user to determine the presence of lead at levels equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligrams per square centimeter, or more than 0.5% lead by weight, in a paint chip, paint powder, or painted surface. "Reduction" means measures designed to reduce or eliminate human exposure to lead-based paint hazards through methods including interim controls and abatement. "Renovation" means the modification of an existing structure, or portion thereof, that results in the disturbance of painted surfaces, unless that activity is performed as part of an abatement as defined by R307-840-2. The term renovation includes, but is not limited to, the removal, modification, or repair of painted surfaces or painted components (e.g., modification of painted doors, surface restoration, window repair, surface preparation activity (such as sanding, scraping, or other such activities that may generate paint dust)), the removal of building components (e.g., walls, ceilings, plumbing, windows), weatherization projects (e.g., cutting holes in painted surfaces to install blown-in insulation or to gain access to attics, planing thresholds to install weather-stripping), and interim controls that disturb painted surfaces. A renovation performed for the purpose of converting a building, or part of a building, into target housing or a child-occupied facility is a renovation under this rule. The term renovation does not include minor repair and maintenance activities. "Renovator" means an individual who either performs or directs workers who perform renovations. "Residential Building" means a building containing one or more residential dwellings. "Residential Dwelling" means (1) a detached single family dwelling unit, including attached structures such as porches and stoops; or (2) a single family dwelling unit in a structure that contains more than one separate residential dwelling unit, which is used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, in whole or in part, as the home or residence of one or more persons. "Risk Assessment" means (1) an on-site investigation to determine the existence, nature, severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards, and (2) the provision of a report by the individual or firm conducting the risk assessment, explaining the results of the investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint hazards. "Room" means a separate part of the inside of a building, such as a bedroom, living room, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, laundry room, or utility room. To be considered a separate room, the room must be separated from adjoining rooms by built-in walls or archways that extend at least 6 inches from an intersecting wall. Half walls or bookcases count as room separators if built-in. Movable or collapsible partitions or partitions consisting solely of shelves or cabinets are not considered built-in walls. A screened in porch that is used as a living area is a room. "Soil Sample" means a sample collected in a representative location using ASTM E1727, "Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques," or equivalent method. "Soil-lead hazard" means bare soil on residential real property or on the property of a child-occupied facility that contains total lead equal to or exceeding 400 parts per million (ug/g) in a play area or average 1,200 parts per million of bare soil in the rest of the yard based on soil samples. "Start Date" means the first day of any lead-based paint activities training course or lead-based paint abatement activity. "Start Date Provided to the director" means the start date included in the original notification or the most recent start date provided to the director in an updated notification. "State" means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States. "Target housing" means any housing constructed prior to 1978, except housing for the elderly or persons with disabilities (unless any one or more children age 6 years or under resides or is expected to reside in such housing for the elderly or persons with disabilities) or any 0-bedroom dwelling. "Training curriculum" means an established set of course topics for instruction in an accredited training program for a particular discipline designed to provide specialized knowledge and skills. "Training Hour" means at least 50 minutes of actual learning, including, but not limited to, time devoted to lecture, learning activities, small group activities, demonstrations, evaluations, and hands-on experience. "TSCA" means the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. 2601. "Training Manager" means the individual responsible for administering a training program and monitoring the performance of principal instructors and guest instructors. "Training Provider" means any organization or entity accredited under R307-842-1 to offer lead-based paint activities, renovator, or dust sampling technician courses. "Vertical containment" means a vertical barrier consisting of plastic sheeting or other impermeable material over scaffolding or a rigid frame, or an equivalent system of containing the work area. Vertical containment is required for some exterior renovations but it may be used on any renovation. "Visual Inspection for Clearance Testing" means the visual examination of a residential dwelling or a child-occupied facility following abatement to determine whether or not the abatement has been successfully completed. "Visual Inspection for Risk Assessment" means the visual examination of a residential dwelling or a child-occupied facility to determine the existence of deteriorated lead-based paint or other potential sources of lead-based paint hazards. "Weighted Arithmetic Mean" means the arithmetic mean of sample results weighted by the number of subsamples in each sample. Its purpose is to give influence to a sample relative to the surface area it represents. A single surface sample is comprised of a single subsample. A composite sample may contain from two to four subsamples of the same area as each other and of each single surface sample in the composite. The weighted arithmetic mean is obtained by summing, for all samples, the product of the sample's result multiplied by the number of subsamples in the sample, and dividing the sum by the total number of subsamples contained in all samples. For example, the weighted arithmetic mean of a single surface sample containing 60 ug/ft2, a composite sample (3 subsamples) containing 100 ug/ft2, and a composite sample (4 subsamples) containing 110 ug/ft2 is 100 ug/ft2. This result is based on the equation (60+(3*100)+(4*110))/(1+3+4). "Wet Disposable Cleaning Cloth" means a commercially available, pre-moistened white disposable cloth designed to be used for cleaning hard surfaces such as uncarpeted floors or counter tops. "Wet Mopping System" means a device with the following characteristics: A long handle, a mop head designed to be used with disposable absorbent cleaning pads, a reservoir for cleaning solution, and a built-in mechanism for distributing or spraying the cleaning solution onto a floor, or a method of equivalent efficacy. "Window Trough" means, for a typical double-hung window, the portion of the exterior window sill between the interior window sill (or stool) and the frame of the storm window. If there is no storm window, the window trough is the area that receives both the upper and lower window sashes when they are both lowered. The window trough is sometimes referred to as the window "well." "Wipe Sample" means a sample collected by wiping a representative surface of known area, as determined by ASTM E1728, "Standard Practice for Field Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques", or equivalent method, with an acceptable wipe material as defined in ASTM E1792, "Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust." "Work Area" means the area that the certified renovator establishes to contain the dust and debris generated by a renovation. "0-Bedroom Dwelling" means any residential dwelling in which the living area is not separated from the sleeping area. The term includes efficiencies, studio apartments, dormitory housing, military barracks, and rentals of individual rooms in residential dwellings. |