R309-210-6. Lead and Copper Monitoring

  (1) General requirements.

  (a) Applicability and effective dates

  (i) The requirements of R309-210-6. unless otherwise indicated, apply to community water systems and non-transient non-community water systems (hereinafter referred to as water systems or systems).

  (b) R309-210-6 establishes a treatment technique that includes requirements for corrosion control treatment, source water treatment, lead service line replacement, and public education. These requirements are triggered, in some cases, by lead and copper action levels measured in samples collected at consumers' taps.

  (c) Corrosion control treatment requirements

  (i) All water systems shall install and operate optimal corrosion control treatment. However, any water system that complies with the applicable corrosion control treatment requirements specified by the Director under R309-210-6(2) and R309-210-6(4)(a) shall be deemed in compliance with this treatment requirement.

  (d) Source water treatment requirements

  Any system exceeding the lead or copper action level shall implement all applicable source water treatment requirements specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(b).

  (e) Lead service line replacement requirements

  Any system exceeding the lead action level after implementation of applicable corrosion control and source water treatment requirements shall complete the lead service line replacement requirements contained in R309-210-6(4)(c).

  (f) Public education requirements

  Pursuant to R309-210-6(7), all water systems must provide a consumer notice of lead tap water monitoring results to persons served at the sites (taps) that are tested. Any system exceeding the lead action level shall implement the public education requirements.

  (g) Monitoring and analytical requirements

  Tap water monitoring for lead and copper, monitoring for water quality parameters, source water monitoring for lead and copper, and analyses of the monitoring results shall be completed in compliance with R309-210-6(3), R309-210-6(5), R309-210-6(6) and R309-200-8.

  (h) Reporting requirements

  Systems shall report to the Director any information required by the treatment provisions of this subpart and R309-210-6(8).

  (i) Recordkeeping requirements

  Systems shall maintain records in accordance with R309-105-17(2).

  (j) Violation of primary drinking water rules

  Failure to comply with the applicable requirements of R309-210-6., including requirements established by the Director pursuant to these provisions, shall constitute a violation of the primary drinking water regulations for lead and/or copper.

  (2) Applicability of corrosion control treatment steps to small, medium-size and large water systems.

  (a) Systems shall complete the applicable corrosion control treatment requirements described in R309-210-6(4)(a) by the deadlines established in this section.

  (i) A large system (serving greater than 50,000 persons) shall complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified in R309-210-6(2)(d), unless it is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under R309-210-6(2)(b)(ii) or (b)(iii).

  (ii) A small system (serving less than 3300 persons) and a medium-size system (serving greater than 3,300 and less than 50,000 persons) shall complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified in R309-210-6(2)(e), unless it is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under R309-210-6(2)(b)(i), (b)(ii), or (b)(iii).

  (b) A system is deemed to have optimized corrosion control and is not required to complete the applicable corrosion control treatment steps identified in this section if the system satisfies one of the criteria in paragraphs (b)(i) through (b)(iii) of this section. Any such system deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this paragraph, and which has treatment in place, shall continue to operate and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment and meet any requirements that the Director determines appropriate to ensure optimal corrosion control treatment is maintained.

  (i) A small or medium-size water system is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if the system meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods conducted in accordance with R309-210-6(3).

  (ii) Any water system may be deemed by the Director to have optimized corrosion control treatment if the system demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Director that it has conducted activities equivalent to the corrosion control steps applicable to such system under this section. If the Director makes this determination, it shall provide the system with written notice explaining the basis for its decision and shall specify the water quality control parameters representing optimal corrosion control in accordance with R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi). Water systems deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this paragraph shall operate in compliance with the Director designated optimal water quality control parameters in accordance with R309-210-6(4)(a)(vii) and continue to conduct lead and copper tap and water quality parameter sampling in accordance with R309-210-6(3)(d)(iii) and R309-210-6(5)(d), respectively. A system shall provide the Director with the following information in order to support a determination under this paragraph:

  (A) the results of all test samples collected for each of the water quality parameters in R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)(C).

  (B) a report explaining the test methods used by the water system to evaluate the corrosion control treatments listed in R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)(A), the results of all tests conducted, and the basis for the system's selection of optimal corrosion control treatment;

  (C) a report explaining how corrosion control has been installed and how it is being maintained to insure minimal lead and copper concentrations at consumers' taps; and

  (D) the results of tap water samples collected in accordance with R309-210-6(3) at least once every six months for one year after corrosion control has been installed.

  (iii) Any water system is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if it submits results of tap water monitoring conducted in accordance with R309-210-6(3) and source water monitoring conducted in accordance with R309-210-6(6) that demonstrates for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods that the difference between the 90th percentile tap water lead level computed under R309-200-5(2)(c), and the highest source water lead concentration, is less than the Practical Quantitation Level (PQL) for lead as specified in R309-104-8.

  (A) Those systems whose highest source water lead level is below the Method Detection Limit may also be deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this paragraph if the 90th percentile tap water lead level is less than or equal to the Practical Quantitation Level for lead for two consecutive 6-month monitoring periods.

  (B) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control in accordance with this paragraph shall continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three calendar years using the reduced number of sites specified in R309-210-6(3)(c) and collecting the samples at times and locations specified in R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv)(D). Any such system that has not conducted a round of monitoring pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(d) since September 30, 1997, shall complete a round of monitoring pursuant to this paragraph no later than September 30, 2000.

  (C) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control pursuant to this paragraph shall notify the Director in writing pursuant to R309-210-6(8)(a)(iii) of any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source as described in that section. The Director must review and approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented by the water system. The Director may require any such system to conduct additional monitoring or to take other action the Director deems appropriate to ensure that such systems maintain minimal levels of corrosion in the distribution system.

  (D) As of July 12, 2001, a system is not deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this paragraph, and shall implement corrosion control treatment pursuant to paragraph (b)(iii)(E) of this section unless it meets the copper action level.

  (E) Any system triggered into corrosion control because it is no longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this paragraph shall implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines in paragraph (e) of this section. Any such large system shall adhere to the schedule specified in that paragraph for medium-size systems, with the time periods for completing each step being triggered by the date the system is no longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this paragraph.

  (c) Any small or medium-size water system that is required to complete the corrosion control steps due to its exceedance of the lead or copper action level may cease completing the treatment steps whenever the system meets both action levels during each of two consecutive monitoring periods conducted pursuant to R309-210-6(3) and submits the results to the Director. If any such water system thereafter exceeds the lead or copper action level during any monitoring period, the system (or the Director, as the case may be) shall recommence completion of the applicable treatment steps, beginning with the first treatment step which was not previously completed in its entirety. The Director may require a system to repeat treatment steps previously completed by the system where the Director determines that this is necessary to implement properly the treatment requirements of this section. The Director shall notify the system in writing of such a determination and explain the basis for its decision. The requirement for any small or medium size system to implement corrosion control treatment steps in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section (including systems deemed to have optimized corrosion control under paragraph (b)(i) of this section) is triggered whenever any small or medium size system exceeds the lead or copper action level.

  (d) Treatment steps and deadlines for large systems

  Except as provided in R309-210-6(2)(b)(ii) and (b)(iii), large systems shall complete the following corrosion control treatment steps by the indicated dates.

  (i) Step 1: The system shall conduct initial monitoring (R309-210-6(3)(d)(i) and R309-210-6(5)(b)) during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by January 1, 1993.

  (ii) Step 2: The system shall complete corrosion control studies (R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)) by July 1, 1994.

  (iii) Step 3: The Director shall designate optimal corrosion control treatment (R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv)) by January 1, 1995.

  (iv) Step 4: The system shall install optimal corrosion control treatment (R309-210-6(4)(a)(v)) by January 1, 1997.

  (v) Step 5: The system shall complete follow-up sampling (R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii) and R309-210-6(5)(c)) by January 1, 1998.

  (vi) Step 6: The Director shall review installation of treatment and designate optimal water quality control parameters (R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi)) by July 1, 1998.

  (vii) Step 7: The system shall operate in compliance with the Director specified optimal water quality control parameters (R309-210-6(4)(a)(vii)) and continue to conduct tap sampling (R309-210-6(3)(d)(iii) and R309-210-6(5)(d)).

  (e) Treatment steps and deadlines for small and medium-size systems

  Except as provided in R309-210-6(2)(b), small and medium-size systems shall complete the following corrosion control treatment steps by the indicated time periods.

  (i) Step 1: The system shall conduct initial tap sampling (R309-210-6(3)(d)(i) and R309-210-6(5)(b) until the system either exceeds the lead or copper action level or becomes eligible for reduced monitoring under R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv). A system exceeding the lead or copper action level shall recommend optimal corrosion control treatment (R309-210-6(4)(a)) within six months after the end of the monitoring period during which it exceeds one of the action levels.

  (ii) Step 2: Within 12 months after the end of the monitoring period during which a system exceeds the lead or copper action level, the Director may require the system to perform corrosion control studies (R309-210-6(4)(b)). If the Director does not require the system to perform such studies, the Director shall specify optimal corrosion control treatment (R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv)) within the following time-frames:

  (A) for medium-size systems, within 18 months after the end of the monitoring period during which such system exceeds the lead or copper action level,

  (B) for small systems, within 24 months after the end of the monitoring period during which such system exceeds the lead or copper action level.

  (iii) Step 3: If the Director requires a system to perform corrosion control studies under step 2, the system shall complete the studies (R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)) within 18 months after the Director requires that such studies be conducted.

  (iv) Step 4: If the system has performed corrosion control studies under step 2, the Director shall designate optimal corrosion control treatment (R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv)) within 6 months after completion of step 3.

  (v) Step 5: The system shall install optimal corrosion control treatment (R309-210-6(4)(a)(v)) within 24 months after the Director designates such treatment.

  (vi) Step 6: The system shall complete follow-up sampling (R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii) and R309-210-6(5)(c)) within 36 months after the Director designates optimal corrosion control treatment.

  (vii) Step 7: The Director shall review the system's installation of treatment and designate optimal water quality control parameters (R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi)) within 6 months after completion of step 6.

  (viii) Step 8: The system shall operate in compliance with the Director-designated optimal water quality control parameters (R309-210-6(4)(a)(vii)) and continue to conduct tap sampling (R309-210-6(3)(d)(iii) and R309-210-6(5)(d)).

  (3) Monitoring requirements for lead and copper in tap water.

  (a) Sample site location

  (i) By the applicable date for commencement of monitoring under R309-210-6(3)(d)(i), each water system shall complete a materials evaluation of its distribution system in order to identify a pool of targeted sampling sites that meets the requirements of this section, and which is sufficiently large to ensure that the water system can collect the number of lead and copper tap samples required in R309-210-6(3)(c). All sites from which first draw samples are collected shall be selected from this pool of targeted sampling sites. Sampling sites may not include faucets that have point-of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices designed to remove inorganic contaminants.

  (ii) A water system shall use the information on lead, copper, and galvanized steel when conducting a materials evaluation. When an evaluation of this information is insufficient to locate the requisite number of lead and copper sampling sites that meet the targeting criteria in R309-210-6(3)(a), the water system shall review the sources of information listed below in order to identify a sufficient number of sampling sites. In addition, the system shall seek to collect such information where possible in the course of its normal operations (e.g., checking service line materials when reading water meters or performing maintenance activities):

  (A) all plumbing codes, permits, and records in the files of the building department(s) which indicate the plumbing materials that are installed within publicly and privately owned structures connected to the distribution system;

  (B) all inspections and records of the distribution system that indicate the material composition of the service connections that connect a structure to the distribution system; and

  (C) all existing water quality information, which includes the results of all prior analyses of the system or individual structures connected to the system, indicating locations that may be particularly susceptible to high lead or copper concentrations.

  (iii) The sampling sites selected for a community water system's sampling pool ("tier 1 sampling sites") shall consist of single family structures that:

  (A) contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; and/or

  (B) are served by a lead service line.

  When multiple-family residences comprise at least 20 percent of the structures served by a water system, the system may include these types of structures in its sampling pool.

  (iv) Any community water system with insufficient tier 1 sampling sites shall complete its sampling pool with "tier 2 sampling sites", consisting of buildings, including multiple-family residences that:

  (A) contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; and/or

  (B) are served by a lead service line.

  (v) Any community water system with insufficient tier 1 and tier 2 sampling sites shall complete its sampling pool with "tier 3 sampling sites", consisting of single family structures that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983. A community water system with insufficient tier 1, tier 2 and tier 3 sampling sites shall complete its sampling pool with representative sites throughout the distribution system. For the purpose of this paragraph, a representative site is a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site would be commonly found at other sites served by the water system.

  (vi) The sampling sites selected for a non-transient non-community water system ("tier 1 sampling sites") shall consist of buildings that:

  (A) contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; and/or

  (B) are served by a lead service line.

  (vii) A non-transient non-community water system with insufficient tier 1 sites that meet the targeting criteria in R309-210-6(3)(a)(vi) shall complete its sampling pool with sampling sites that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983. If additional sites are needed to complete its sampling pool, the non-transient non-community water system shall use representative sites throughout the distribution system. For the purpose of this paragraph, a representative site is a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site would be commonly found at other sites served by the water system.

  (viii) Any water system whose distribution system contains lead service lines shall draw 50 percent of the samples it collects during each monitoring period from sites that contain lead pipes, or copper pipes with lead solder, and 50 percent of the samples from sites served by a lead service line. A water system that cannot identify a sufficient number of sampling sites served by a lead service line shall collect first draw samples from all of the sites identified as being served by such lines.

  (b) Sample collection methods

  (i) All tap samples for lead and copper collected in accordance with this section, with the exception of lead service line samples collected under R309-210-6(4)(c)(iii) and samples collected under (b)(v) of this section, shall be first draw samples.

  (ii) Each first-draw tap sample for lead and copper shall be one liter in volume and have stood motionless in the plumbing system of each sampling site for at least six hours. First draw samples from residential housing shall be collected from the cold water kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap. First-draw samples from a nonresidential building shall be one liter in volume and shall be collected at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption. Non-first-draw samples collected in lieu of first-draw samples pursuant to paragraph (b)(v) of this section shall be one liter in volume and shall be collected at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption. First draw samples may be collected by the system or the system may allow residents to collect first draw samples after instructing the residents of the sampling procedures specified in this paragraph. To avoid problems with residents handling nitric acid, acidification of first draw samples may be done up to fourteen days after the sample is collected. After acidification to resolubilize the metals, the sample must stand in the original container for the time specified in R309-200-4(3). If a system allows residents to perform sampling, the system may not challenge, based on alleged errors in sample collection, the accuracy of sampling results.

  (iii) Each service line sample shall be one liter in volume and have stood motionless in the lead service line for at least six hours. Lead service line samples shall be collected in one of the following three ways:

  (A) at the tap after flushing the volume of water between the tap and the lead service line. The volume of water shall be calculated based on the interior diameter and length of the pipe between the tap and the lead service line;

  (B) tapping directly into the lead service line; or

  (C) if the sampling site is a building constructed as a single-family residence, allowing the water to run until there is a significant change in temperature which would be indicative of water that has been standing in the lead service line.

  (iv) A water system shall collect each first draw tap sample from the same sampling site from which it collected a previous sample. If, for any reason, the water system cannot gain entry to a sampling site in order to collect a follow-up tap sample, the system may collect the follow-up tap sample from another sampling site in its sampling pool as long as the new site meets the same targeting criteria, and is within reasonable proximity of the original site.

  (v) A non-transient non-community water system, or a community water system that meets the criteria for R309-210-6(7)(b)(vii), that does not have enough taps that can supply first draw samples, as defined in R309-110, may apply to the Director in writing to substitute non-first-draw samples. Such systems must collect as many first draw samples from appropriate taps as possible and identify sampling times and locations that would likely result in the longest standing time for the remaining sites. The Director herein waives the requirement for prior Director approval of non-first draw samples sites selected by the system.

  (c) Number of samples

  Water systems shall collect at least one sample during each monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(3)(d) from the number of sites listed in the first column (standard monitoring) in Table 210-3. A system conducting reduced monitoring under R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv) may collect one sample from the number of sites specified in the second column (reduced monitoring) in Table 210-3 during each monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv). Such reduced monitoring sites shall be representative of the sites required for standard monitoring. A public water system that has fewer than five drinking water taps, that can be used for human consumption meeting the sample site criteria of R309-210-6(6)(a) to reach the required number of sample sites listed in paragraph (c) of this section, must collect at least one sample from each tap and then must collect additional samples from those taps on different days during the monitoring period to meet the required number of sites. Alternatively the Director may allow these public water systems to collect a number of samples less than the number of sites specified in paragraph (c) of this section, provided that 100 percent of all taps that can be used for human consumption are sampled. The Director must approve this reduction of the minimum number of samples in writing based on a request from the system or onsite verification by the Director. The Director may specify sampling locations when a system is conducting reduced monitoring to ensure that fewer number of sampling sites are representative of the risk to public health as outlined in R309-210-6(3)(a).

TABLE 210-3

NUMBER OF LEAD AND COPPER SAMPLING SITES

System Size # of sites # of sites

(# People Served) (Standard (Reduced

                           Monitoring) Monitoring)

Greater than 100,000 100 50

10,001 to 100,000 60 30

3,301 to 10,000 40 20

501 to 3,300 20 10

101 to 500 10 5

100 or less 5 5

  (d) Timing of monitoring

  (i) Initial tap sampling

  The first six-month monitoring period for small, medium-size and large systems shall begin on the following dates in Table 210-4:

TABLE 210-4

INITIAL LEAD AND COPPER MONITORING PERIODS

System Size First six-month

(# People Served) Monitoring Period Begins On

Greater than 50,000 January 1, 1992

3,301 to 50,000 July 1, 1992

3,300 or less July 1, 1993

  (A) All large systems shall monitor during two consecutive six-month periods.

  (B) All small and medium-size systems shall monitor during each six-month monitoring period until:

  (I) the system exceeds the lead or copper action level and is therefore required to implement the corrosion control treatment requirements under R309-210-6(2), in which case the system shall continue monitoring in accordance with R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii), or

  (II) the system meets the lead and copper action levels during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods, in which case the system may reduce monitoring in accordance with R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv).

  (ii) Monitoring after installation of corrosion control and source water treatment

  (A) Any large system which installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to R309-210-6(2)(d)(iv) shall monitor during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the date specified in R309-210-6(2)(d)(v).

  (B) Any small or medium-size system which installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to R309-210-6(2)(e)(v) shall monitor during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the date specified in R309-210-6(2)(e)(vi).

  (C) Any system which installs source water treatment pursuant to R309-210-6(4)(b)(i)(C) shall monitor during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the date specified in R309-210-6(4)(b)(i)(D).

  (iii) Monitoring after Director specifies water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion control

  After the Director specifies the values for water quality control parameters under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi), the system shall monitor during each subsequent six-month monitoring period, with the first monitoring period to begin on the date the Director specifies the optimal values under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi).

  (iv) Reduced monitoring

  (A) A small or medium-size water system that meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the number of samples in accordance with R309-210-6(3)(c), Table 210-3, and reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year. A small or medium water system collecting fewer than five samples as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, that meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year. In no case can the system reduce the number of samples required below the minimum of one sample per available tap. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period.

  (B) Any water system that meets the lead action level and maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi) during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of monitoring to once per year and reduce the number of lead and copper samples in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section if it receives written approval from the Director. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period. The Director shall review monitoring, treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with R309-210-6(8), and shall notify the system in writing when it determines the system is eligible to commence reduced monitoring pursuant to this paragraph. The Director shall review, and where appropriate, revise its determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available.

  (C) A small or medium-size water system that meets the lead and copper action levels during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from annually to once every three years. Any water system that meets the lead action level and maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(f) during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring from annually to once every three years if it receives written approval from the Director. Samples collected once every three years shall be collected no later than every third calendar year. The Director shall review monitoring, treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with R309-210-6(8), and shall notify the system in writing when it determines the system is eligible to reduce the frequency of monitoring to once every three years. The Director shall review, and where appropriate, revise its determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available.

  (D) A water system that reduces the number and frequency of sampling shall collect these samples from representative sites included in the pool of targeted sampling sites identified in R309-210-6(3)(a). Systems sampling annually or less frequently shall conduct the lead and copper tap sampling during the months of June, July, August or September unless the Director has approved a different sampling period in accordance with paragraph (d)(iv)(D)(I) of this section.

  (I) The Director, at its discretion, may approve a different period for conducting the lead and copper tap sampling for systems collecting a reduced number of samples. Such a period shall be no longer than four consecutive months and must represent a time of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur. For a non-transient non-community water system that does not operate during the months of June through September, and for which the period of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur is not known, the Director shall designate a period that represents a time of normal operation for the system. This sampling shall begin during the period approved or designated by the State in the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period for systems initiating annual monitoring and during the three-year period following the end of the third consecutive calendar year of annual monitoring for systems initiating triennial monitoring.

  (II) Systems monitoring annually, that have been collecting samples during the months of June through September and that receive Director approval to alter their sample collection period under paragraph (d)(iv)(D)(I) of this section, must collect their next round of samples during a time period that ends no later than 21 months after the previous round of sampling. Systems monitoring triennially that have been collecting samples during the months of June through September, and receive Director approval to alter the sampling collection period as per (d)(iv)(D)(I) of this section, must collect their next round of samples during a time period that ends no later than 45 months after the previous round of sampling. Subsequent rounds of sampling must be collected annually or triennially, as required by this section. Small systems with waivers, granted pursuant to paragraph (g) of this section, that have been collecting samples during the months of June through September and receive Director approval to alter their sample collection period under paragraph (d)(iv)(D)(I) of this section must collect their next round of samples before the end of the 9 year period.

  (E) Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive 6 month monitoring periods that the tap water lead level computed under R309-200-5(2)(c) is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the tap water copper level computed under R309-200-5(2)(c) is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L may reduce the number of samples in accordance paragraph (c) of this section and reduce the frequency of sampling to once every three calendar years.

  (F)(I) A small or medium-size water system subject to reduced monitoring that exceeds the lead or copper action level shall resume sampling in accordance R309-210-6(3)(d)(iii) and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under R309-210-6(3)(c), Table 210-3. Such system shall also conduct water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with R309-210-6(5)(b), (c) or (d) (as appropriate) during the monitoring period in which it exceeded the action level. Any such system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in paragraph (c) of this section after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of paragraph (d)(iv)(A) of this section or may resume triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either paragraph (d)(vi)(C) or (d)(iv)(D) of this section.

  (II) Any water system subject to the reduced monitoring frequency that fails to meet the lead action level during any four-month monitoring period or that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or within the range of values for the water quality parameters specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi) for more than nine days in any six-month period specified in R309-210-6(5)(d) shall conduct tap water sampling for lead and copper at the frequency specified in paragraph (d)(iii) of this section, collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under paragraph (c) of this section, and shall resume monitoring for water quality parameters within the distribution system in accordance with R309-210-6(5)(d). This standard tap water sampling shall begin no later than the six-month period beginning January 1 of the calendar year following the lead action level exceedance or water quality parameter excursion. Such a system may resume reduced monitoring for lead and copper at the tap and for water quality parameters within the distribution system under the following conditions:

  (aa) The system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in paragraph (c) of this section after it has completed two subsequent six month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of paragraph (d)(iv)(B) of this section and the system has received written approval from the Director that it is appropriate to resume reduced monitoring on an annual frequency. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period.

  (bb) The system may resume triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either paragraph (d)(iv)(C) or (d)(iv)(E) of this section and the system has received written approval from the Director that it is appropriate to resume triennial monitoring.

  (cc) The system may reduce the number of water quality parameter tap water samples required in accordance with R309-210-6(5)(e)(i) and the frequency with which it collects such samples in accordance with R309-210-6(5)(e)(ii). Such a system may not resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap until it demonstrates, in accordance with the requirements of R309-210-6(5)(e)(ii), that it has requalified for triennial monitoring.

  (G) Any water system subject to a reduced monitoring frequency under paragraph (d)(iv) of this section shall notify the Director in writing in accordance with R309-210-6(8)(a)(iii) of any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source as described in that section. The Director must review and approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented by the water system. The Director may require the system to resume sampling in accordance with paragraph (d)(iii) of this section and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under paragraph (c) of this section or take other appropriate steps such as increased water quality parameter monitoring or re-evaluation of its corrosion control treatment given the potentially different water quality considerations.

  (e) Additional monitoring by systems

  The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of this section shall be considered by the system and the Director in making any determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th percentile lead or copper level).

  (f) Invalidation of lead or copper tap water samples. A sample invalidated under this paragraph does not count toward determining lead or copper 90th percentile levels under Sec. 141.80 (c) (3) or toward meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.

  (i) The Director may invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample at least if one of the following conditions is met.

  (A) The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused erroneous results.

  (B) The Director determines that the sample was taken from a site that did not meet the site selection criteria of this section.

  (C) The sample container was damaged in transit.

  (D) There is substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject to tampering.

  (ii) The system must report the results of all samples to the Director and all supporting documentation for samples the system believes should be invalidated.

  (iii) To invalidate a sample under paragraph (f)(i) of this section, the decision and the rationale for the decision must be documented in writing. The Director may not invalidate a sample solely on the grounds that a follow-up sample result is higher or lower than that of the original sample.

  (iv) The water system must collect replacement samples for any samples invalidated under this section if, after the invalidation of one or more samples, the system has too few samples to meet the minimum requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. Any such replacement samples must be taken as soon as possible, but no later than 20 days after the date the Director invalidates the sample or by the end of the applicable monitoring period, whichever occurs later. Replacement samples taken after the end of the applicable monitoring period shall not also be used to meet the monitoring requirements of a subsequent monitoring period. The replacement samples shall be taken at the same locations as the invalidated samples or, if that is not possible, at locations other than those already used for sampling during the monitoring period.

  (g) Monitoring waivers for small systems. Any small system that meets the criteria of this paragraph may apply to the Director to reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper under this section to once every nine years (i.e., a full waiver) if it meets all of the materials criteria specified in paragraph (g)(i) of this section and all of the monitoring criteria specified in paragraph (g) (ii) of this section. Any small system that meets the criteria in paragraphs (g) (i) and (ii) of this section only for lead, or only for copper, may apply to the Director for a waiver to reduce the frequency of tap water monitoring to once ever nine years for that contaminant only (i.e., a partial waiver).

  (i) Materials criteria. The system must demonstrate that its distribution system and service lines and all drinking water supply plumbing, including plumbing conveying drinking water within all residences and buildings connected to the system, are free of lead-containing materials and/or copper-containing materials, as those terms are defined in this paragraph, as follows:

  (A) Lead. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water monitoring requirements for lead (i.e., a lead waiver), the water system must provide certification and supporting documentation to the Director that the system is free of all lead-containing materials, as follows:

  (I) It contains no plastic pipes which contain lead plasticizers, or plastic service lines which contain lead plasticizers; and

  (II) It is free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered pipe joints, and leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and fixtures, unless such fittings and fixtures meet the specifications of any standard established pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 300g-6(e) (SDWA section 1417 (e)).

  (B) Copper. To qualify for a full waiver, or waiver of the tap water monitoring requirements for copper (i.e., a copper waiver), the water system must provide certification and supporting documentation to the Director that the system contains no copper pipes or copper service lines.

  (ii) Monitoring criteria for waiver issuance. The system must have completed at least one 6-month round of standard tap water monitoring for lead and copper at sites approved by the Director and from the number of sites required by paragraph (c) of this section and demonstrate that the 90th percentile levels for any and all rounds of monitoring conducted since the system became free of all lead-containing and/or copper-containing materials, as appropriate, meet the following criteria.

  (A) Lead levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a lead waiver, the system must demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does not exceed 0.005 mg/L.

  (B) Copper levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a copper waiver, the system must demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does not exceed 0.65 mg/L.

  (iii) Director approval of waiver application. The Director shall notify the system of its waiver determination, in writing, setting forth the basis of its decision and any condition of the waiver. As a condition of the waiver, the Director may require the system to perform specific activities (e.g., limited monitoring, periodic outreach to customers to remind them to avoid installation of materials that might void the waiver) to avoid the risk of lead or copper concentration of concern in tap water. The small system must continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap as required by paragraphs (d) (i) through (d) (iv) of this section, as appropriate, until it receives written notification from the Director the waiver has been approved.

  (iv) Monitoring frequency for systems with waivers.

  (A) A system with a full waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for lead and copper in accordance with paragraph (d)(iv)(D) of this section at the reduced number of sampling sites identified in paragraph (c) of this section at least once every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in paragraph (g)(i) of this section for both lead and copper to the Director along with the monitoring results. Samples collected every nine years shall be collected no later than every ninth calendar year.

  (B) A system with a partial waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for the waived contaminant in accordance with paragraph (d)(iv)(D) of this section at the reduced number of sampling sites specified in paragraph (c) of this section at least once every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in paragraph (g)(i) of this section pertaining to the waived contaminant along with the monitoring results. Such a system also must continue to monitor for the non-waived contaminant in accordance with requirements of paragraph (d)(i) through (d)(iv) of this section, as appropriate.

  (C) Any water system with a full or partial waiver shall notify the Director in writing in accordance with R309-210-6(8)(a)(iii) of any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source, as described in that section. The Director must review and approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented by the water system. The Director has the authority to require the system to add or modify waiver conditions (e.g., require recertification that the system is free of lead-containing and/or copper-containing materials, require additional round(s) of monitoring), if it deems such modifications are necessary to address treatment or source water changes at the system.

  (D) If a system with a full or partial waiver because aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, as appropriate, (e.g., as a result of new construction or repairs), the system shall notify the Director in writing no later than 60 days after becoming aware of such a change.

  (v) Continued eligibility. If the system continues to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (g) (iv) of this section, the waiver will be renewed automatically, unless any of the conditions listed in paragraph (g)(v)(A) through (g)(v)(C) of this section occurs. A system whose waiver has been revoked may re-apply for a waiver at such time as it again meets the appropriate materials and monitoring criteria of paragraphs (g)(i) and (g)(ii) of this section.

  (A) A system with a full waiver or lead waiver no longer satisfies the materials criteria of paragraph (g)(i)(A) of this section or has a 90th percentile lead level greater than 0.005 mg/L.

  (B) A system with a full waiver or a copper waiver no longer satisfies the materials criteria of paragraph (g)(i)(B) of this section or has a 90th percentile copper level greater than 0.65 mg/L.

  (C) The Director notifies the system, in writing, that the waiver has been revoked, setting forth the basis of its decision.

  (vi) Requirements following waiver revocation. A system whose full or partial waiver has been revoked by the Director is subject to the corrosion control treatment and lead and copper tap water monitoring requirements, as follows:

  (A) If the system exceeds the lead and/or copper action level, the system must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines specified in R309-210-6(2)(e), and any other applicable requirements of this subpart.

  (B) If the system meets both the lead and the copper action level, the system must monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three years using the reduced number of sample sites specified in paragraph (c) of this section.

  (vii) Pre-existing waivers. Small system waivers approved by the Director in writing prior to April 11, 2000 shall remain in effect under the following conditions:

  (A) If the system has demonstrated that it is both free of lead-containing and copper- containing materials, as required by paragraph (g)(i) of this section and that its 90th percentile lead levels and 90th percentile copper levels meet the criteria of paragraph (g)(ii) of this section, the waiver remains in effect so long as the system continues to meet the waiver eligibility criteria of paragraph (g)(v) of this section. The first round of tap water monitoring conducted pursuant to paragraph (g)(iv) of this section shall be completed no later than nine years after the last time the system has monitored for lead and copper at the tap.

  (B) If the system has met the materials criteria of paragraph (g)(i) of this section but has not met the monitoring criteria of paragraph (g)(ii) of this section, the system shall conduct a round of monitoring for lead and copper at the tap demonstrating that it meets the criteria of paragraph (g)(ii) of this section no later than September 30, 2000. Thereafter, the waiver shall remain in effect as long as the system meets the continued eligibility criteria of paragraph (g)(v) of this section. The first round of tap water monitoring conducted pursuant to paragraph (g)(iv) of this section shall be completed no later than nine years after the round of monitoring conducted pursuant to paragraph (g)(ii) of this section.

  (4) Corrosion Control for Control of Lead and Copper

  (a) Description of corrosion control treatment requirements.

  Each system shall complete the corrosion control treatment requirements described below which are applicable to such system under R309-210-6(2).

  (i) System recommendation regarding corrosion control treatment

  Based upon the results of lead and copper tap monitoring and water quality parameter monitoring, small and medium-size water systems exceeding the lead or copper action level shall recommend installation of one or more of the corrosion control treatments listed in R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)(A) which the system believes constitutes optimal corrosion control for that system. The Director may require the system to conduct additional water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with R309-210-6(5)(b) to assist the Director in reviewing the system's recommendation.

  (ii) Studies of corrosion control treatment required for small and medium-size systems.

  The Director may require any small or medium-size system that exceeds the lead or copper action level to perform corrosion control studies under R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii) to identify optimal corrosion control treatment for the system.

  (iii) Performance of corrosion control studies

  (A) Any public water system performing corrosion control studies shall evaluate the effectiveness of each of the following treatments, and, if appropriate, combinations of the following treatments to identify the optimal corrosion control treatment for that system:

  (I) alkalinity and pH adjustment;

  (II) calcium hardness adjustment; and

  (III) the addition of a phosphate or silicate based corrosion inhibitor at a concentration sufficient to maintain an effective residual concentration in all test tap samples.

  (B) The water system shall evaluate each of the corrosion control treatments using either pipe rig/loop tests, metal coupon tests, partial-system tests, or analyses based on documented analogous treatments with other systems of similar size, water chemistry and distribution system configuration.

  (C) The water system shall measure the following water quality parameters in any tests conducted under this paragraph before and after evaluating the corrosion control treatments listed above:

  (I) lead;

  (II) copper;

  (III) pH;

  (IV) alkalinity;

  (V) calcium;

  (VI) conductivity;

  (VII) orthophosphate (when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used);

  (VIII) silicate (when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used);

  (IX) water temperature.

  (D) The water system shall identify all chemical or physical constraints that limit or prohibit the use of a particular corrosion control treatment and document such constraints with at least one of the following:

  (I) data and documentation showing that a particular corrosion control treatment has adversely affected other water treatment processes when used by another water system with comparable water quality characteristics; and/or

  (II) data and documentation demonstrating that the water system has previously attempted to evaluate a particular corrosion control treatment and has found that the treatment is ineffective or adversely affects other water quality treatment processes.

  (E) The water system shall evaluate the effect of the chemicals used for corrosion control treatment on other water quality treatment processes.

  (F) On the basis of an analysis of the data generated during each evaluation, the water system shall recommend to the Director in writing the treatment option that the corrosion control studies indicate constitutes optimal corrosion control treatment for that system. The water system shall provide a rationale for its recommendation along with all supporting documentation specified in R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)(A) through R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)(E).

  (iv) Designation of optimal corrosion control treatment

  (A) Based upon consideration of available information including, where applicable, studies performed under R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii) and a system's recommended treatment alternative, the Director shall either approve the corrosion control treatment option recommended by the system, or designate alternative corrosion control treatment(s) from among those listed in R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii)(A). When designating optimal treatment the Director shall consider the effects that additional corrosion control treatment will have on water quality parameters and on other water quality treatment processes.

  (B) The Director shall notify the system of its decision on optimal corrosion control treatment in writing and explain the basis for this determination. If the Director requests additional information to aid its review, the water system shall provide the information.

  (v) Installation of optimal corrosion control

  Each system shall properly install and operate throughout its distribution system the optimal corrosion control treatment designated by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv).

  (vi) Review of treatment and specification of optimal water quality control parameters

  The Director shall evaluate the results of all lead and copper tap samples and water quality parameter samples submitted by the water system and determine whether the system has properly installed and operated the optimal corrosion control treatment designated by the Director in R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv). Upon reviewing the results of tap water and water quality parameter monitoring by the system, both before and after the system installs optimal corrosion control treatment, the Director shall designate:

  (A) A minimum value or a range of values for pH measured at each entry point to the distribution system;

  (B) A minimum pH value, measured in all tap samples. Such value shall be equal to or greater than 7.0, unless the Director determines that meeting a pH level of 7.0 is not technologically feasible or is not necessary for the system to optimize corrosion control;

  (C) If a corrosion inhibitor is used, a minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for the inhibitor, measured at each entry point to the distribution system and in all tap samples, that the Director determines is necessary to form a passivating film on the interior walls of the pipes of the distribution system;

  (D) If alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion control treatment, a minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for alkalinity, measured at each entry point to the distribution system and in all tap samples;

  (E) If calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control, a minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for calcium, measured in all tap samples.

  The values for the applicable water quality control parameters listed above shall be those that the Director determines to reflect optimal corrosion control treatment for the system. The Director may designate values for additional water quality control parameters determined by the Director to reflect optimal corrosion control for the system. The Director shall notify the system in writing of these determinations and explain the basis for the decisions.

  (vii) Continued operation and monitoring. All systems optimizing corrosion control shall continue to operate and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment, including maintaining water quality parameters at or above minimum values or within ranges designated by the Director under paragraph (vi) of this section, in accordance with this paragraph for all samples collected under R309-210-6(5)(d) through (f). Compliance with the requirements of this paragraph shall be determined every six months, as specified under R309-210-6(5)(d). A water system is out of compliance with the requirements of this paragraph for a six-month period of it has excursions for any Director specified parameter on more than nine days during the period. An excursion occurs whenever the daily value for one or more of the water quality parameters measured at a sampling location is below the minimum value or outside the range designated by the Director. Daily values are calculated as follows. The Director has discretion to delete results of obvious sampling errors from this calculation.

  (A) On days when more than one measurement for the water quality parameter is collected at the sampling location, the daily value shall be the average of all results collected during the day regardless of whether they are collected through continuous monitoring, grab sampling, or combination of both.

  (B) On days when only one measurement for the water quality parameter is collected at the sampling location, the daily value shall be the result of that measurement.

  (C) On days when no measurement is collected for the water quality parameter at the sampling location, the daily value shall be the daily value calculated on the most recent day on which the water quality parameter was measured at the sample site.

  (viii) Modification of treatment decisions

  Upon its own initiative or in response to a request by a water system or other interested party, the Director may modify its determination of the optimal corrosion control treatment under R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv) or optimal water quality control parameters under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi). A request for modification by a system or other interested party shall: be in writing, explain why the modification is appropriate, and provide supporting documentation. The Director may modify its determination where it concludes that such change is necessary to ensure that the system continues to optimize corrosion control treatment. A revised determination shall: be made in writing, set forth the new treatment requirements, explain the basis for the Director's decision, and provide an implementation schedule for completing the treatment modifications.

  (b) Source water treatment requirements.

  Systems shall complete the applicable source water monitoring and treatment requirements (described in the referenced portions of R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii), and in R309-210-6(3), and R309-210-6(6)) by the following deadlines.

  (i) Deadlines for Completing Source Water Treatment Steps

  (A) Step 1: A system exceeding the lead or copper action level shall complete lead and copper source water monitoring (R309-210-6(6)(b)) and make a treatment recommendation to the Director (R309-210-6(4)(b)(i)) no later than 180 days after the end of the monitoring period during which the lead or copper action level was exceeded.

  (B) Step 2: The Director shall make a determination regarding source water treatment (R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(B)) within 6 months after submission of monitoring results under step 1.

  (C) Step 3: If the Director requires installation of source water treatment, the system shall install the treatment (R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(C)) within 24 months after completion of step 2.

  (D) Step 4: The system shall complete follow-up tap water monitoring (R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii)) and source water monitoring (R309-210-6(6)(c)) within 36 months after completion of step 2.

  (E) Step 5: The Director shall review the system's installation and operation of source water treatment and specify maximum permissible source water levels (R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D)) within 6 months after completion of step 4.

  (F) Step 6: The system shall operate in compliance with the Director specified maximum permissible lead and copper source water levels (R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D)) and continue source water monitoring (R309-210-6(6)(d)).

  (ii) Description of Source Water Treatment Requirements

  (A) System treatment recommendation

  Any system which exceeds the lead or copper action level shall recommend in writing to the Director the installation and operation of one of the source water treatments listed in R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(B). A system may recommend that no treatment be installed based upon a demonstration that source water treatment is not necessary to minimize lead and copper levels at users' taps.

  (B) Determination regarding source water treatment

  The Director shall complete an evaluation of the results of all source water samples submitted by the water system to determine whether source water treatment is necessary to minimize lead or copper levels in water delivered to users' taps. If the Director determines that treatment is needed, the Director shall either require installation and operation of the source water treatment recommended by the system (if any) or require the installation and operation of another source water treatment from among the following: ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening or coagulation/filtration. If the Director requests additional information to aid in its review, the water system shall provide the information by the date specified by the Director in its request. The Director shall notify the system in writing of the determination and set forth the basis for the decision.

  (C) Installation of source water treatment

  Each system shall properly install and operate the source water treatment designated by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(B).

  (D) Review of source water treatment and specification of maximum permissible source water levels

  The Director shall review the source water samples taken by the water system both before and after the system installs source water treatment, and determine whether the system has properly installed and operated the source water treatment designated by the Director. Based upon its review, the Director shall designate the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations for finished water entering the distribution system. Such levels shall reflect the contaminant removal capability of the treatment properly operated and maintained. The Director shall notify the system in writing and explain the basis for the decision.

  (E) Continued operation and maintenance

  Each water system shall maintain lead and copper levels below the maximum permissible concentrations designated by the Director at each sampling point monitored in accordance with R309-210-6(6). The system is out of compliance with this paragraph if the level of lead or copper at any sampling point is greater than the maximum permissible concentration designated by the Director.

  (F) Modification of treatment decisions

  Upon its own initiative or in response to a request by a water system or other interested party, the Director may modify its determination of the source water treatment under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(B), or maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations for finished water entering the distribution system under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D). A request for modification by a system or other interested party shall: be in writing, explain why the modification is appropriate, and provide supporting documentation. The Director may modify the determination where it concludes that such change is necessary to ensure that the system continues to minimize lead and copper concentrations in source water. A revised determination shall: be made in writing, set forth the new treatment requirements, explain the basis for the decision, and provide an implementation schedule for completing the treatment modifications.

  (c) Lead service line replacement requirements.

  (i)(A) Systems that fail to meet the lead action level in tap samples taken pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii), after installing corrosion control and/or source water treatment (whichever sampling occurs later), shall replace lead service lines in accordance with the requirements of this section. If a system is in violation of R309-210-6(2) or R309-210-6(4)(b) for failure to install source water or corrosion control treatment, the Director may require the system to commence lead service line replacement under this section after the date by which the system was required to conduct monitoring under R309-104-4.2.3.d.2. has passed. The first year of lead service line replacement shall begin on the first day following the end of the monitoring period in which the action level was exceeded under paragraph (a) of this section. If monitoring is required annually or less frequently, the end of the monitoring period is September 30 of the calendar year in which the sampling occurs. If the Director has established an alternate monitoring period, then the end of the monitoring period will be the last day of that period.

  (B) Any water system resuming a lead service line replacement program after the cessation of its lead service line replacement program as allowed by paragraph (f) of this section shall update its inventory of lead service lines to include those sites that were previously determined not to require replacement through the sampling provision under paragraph (c) of this section. The system will then divide the updated number of remaining lead service lines by the number of remaining years in the program to determine the number of lines that must be replaced per year (7 percent lead service line replacement is based on a 15-year replacement program, so, for example, systems resuming lead service line replacement after previously conducting two years of replacement would divide the updated inventory by 13). For those systems that have completed a 15-year lead service line replacement program, the Director will determine a schedule for replacing or retesting lines that were previously tested out under the replacement program when the system re-exceeds the action level.

  (ii) A system shall replace annually at least 7 percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system. The initial number of lead service lines is the number of lead lines in place at the time the replacement program begins. The system shall identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system, including an identification of the portion(s) owned by the system, based upon a materials evaluation, including the evaluation required under R309-210-6(3)(a) and relevant legal authorities (e.g., contracts, local ordinances) regarding the portion owned by the system. The first year of lead service line replacement shall begin on the date the action level was exceeded in tap sampling referenced in R309-210-6(4)(c)(i).

  (iii) A system is not required to replace an individual lead service line if the lead concentration in all service line samples from that line, taken pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(b)(iii), is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/L.

  (iv) A water system shall replace that portion of the lead service line that it owns. In cases where the system does not own the entire lead service line, the system shall notify the owner of the line, or the owner's authorized agent, that the system will replace the portion of the service line that it owns and shall offer to replace the owner's portion of the line. A system is not required to bear the cost of replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, nor is it required to replace the privately-owned portion where the owner chooses not to pay the cost of replacing the privately owned portion of the line, or where replacing the privately-owned portion would be precluded by State, local or common law. A water system that does not replace the entire length of the service line also shall complete the following tasks.

  (A) At least 45 days prior to commencing with the partial replacement of a lead service line, the water system shall provide notice to the resident(s) of all buildings served by the line explaining that they may experience a temporary increase of lead levels in their drinking water, along with guidance on measures consumers can take to minimize their exposure to lead. The Director may allow the water system to provide notice under the previous sentence less than 45 days prior to commencing partial lead service line replacement where such replacement is in conjunction with emergency repairs. In addition, the water system shall inform the resident(s) served by the line that the system will, at the system's expense, collect a sample from each partially-replaced lead service line that is representative of the water in the service line for analysis of lead content, as prescribed under R309-210-6(3)(b)(iii), within 72 hours after the completion of the partial replacement of the service line. The system shall collect the sample and report the results of the analysis to the owner and the resident(s) served by the line within three business days of receiving the results. Mailed notices post-marked within three business days of receiving the results shall be considered on time.

  (B) The water system shall provide the information required by paragraph (c)(iv)(A) of this section to the residents of individual dwellings by mail or by other methods approved by the Director. In instances where multi-family dwellings are served by the line, the water system shall have the option to post the information at a conspicuous location.

  (v) The Director shall require a system to replace lead service lines on a shorter schedule than that required by this section, taking into account the number of lead service lines in the system, where such a shorter replacement schedule is feasible. The Director shall make this determination in writing and notify the system of its finding within 6 months after the system is triggered into lead service line replacement based on monitoring referenced in R309-210-6(4)(c)(i).

  (vi) Any system may cease replacing lead service lines whenever first draw samples collected pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(b)(ii) meet the lead action level during each of two consecutive monitoring periods and the system submits the results to the Director. If first draw tap samples collected in any such water system thereafter exceeds the lead action level, the system shall recommence replacing lead service lines, pursuant to R309-210-6(4)(c)(ii)(B).

  (vii) To demonstrate compliance with R309-210-6(4)(c)(i) through R309-210-6(4)(c)(iv), a system shall report to the Director the information specified in R309-210-6(8)(e).

  (5) Monitoring requirements for water quality parameters.

  All large water systems and all small and medium-size systems that exceed the lead or copper action level shall monitor water quality parameters in addition to lead and copper in accordance with this section.

  (a) General Requirements

  (i) Sample collection methods

  (A) Tap samples shall be representative of water quality throughout the distribution system taking into account the number of persons served, the different sources of water, the different treatment methods employed by the system, and seasonal variability. Tap sampling under this section is not required to be conducted at taps targeted for lead and copper sampling under R309-210-6(3)(a).

  (B) Samples collected at the entry point(s) to the distribution system shall be from locations representative of each source after treatment. If a system draws water from more than one source and the sources are combined before distribution, the system must sample at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all sources being used).

  (ii) Number of samples

  (A) Systems shall collect two tap samples for applicable water quality parameters during each monitoring period specified under R309-210-6(5)(b) through R309-210-6(5)(e) from the following number of sites in Table 210-5.

TABLE 210-5

NUMBER OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETER SAMPLE SITES

System Size # of Sites For

(# People Served) Water Quality Parameters

Greater than 100,000 25

10,001 to 100,000 10

3,301 to 10,000 3

501 to 3,300 2

101 to 500 1

100 or less 1

  (B) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(iii) of this section, Systems shall collect two samples for each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the distribution system during each monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(5)(b). Systems shall collect one sample for each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the distribution system during each monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(5)(c) through R309-210-6(5)(e).

  (b) Initial Sampling

  All large water systems shall measure the applicable water quality parameters as specified below at taps and at each entry point to the distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(3)(d)(i). All small and medium-size systems shall measure the applicable water quality parameters at the locations specified below during each six-month monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(3)(d)(i) during which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.

  (i) At taps:

  (A) pH;

  (B) alkalinity;

  (C) orthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used;

  (D) silica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used;

  (E) calcium;

  (F) conductivity; and

  (G) water temperature.

  (ii) At each entry point to the distribution system: all of the applicable parameters listed in R309-210-6(5)(b)(i).

  (c) Monitoring after installation of corrosion control

  Any large system which installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to R309-210-6(2)(d)(iv) shall measure the water quality parameters at the locations and frequencies specified below during each six-month monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii)(A). Any small or medium-size system which installs optimal corrosion control treatment shall conduct such monitoring during each six-month monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(3)(d)(ii)(B) in which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.

  (i) At taps, two samples for:

  (A) pH;

  (B) alkalinity;

  (C) orthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used;

  (D) silica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used;

  (E) calcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control.

  (ii) Except as provided in Paragraph (c)(iii) of this section, at each entry point to the distribution system, at least on sample no less frequently than every two weeks (bi-weekly) for:

  (A) pH;

  (B) when alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the chemical used to adjust alkalinity, and the alkalinity concentration; and

  (C) when a corrosion inhibitor is used as part of optimal corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the inhibitor used, and the concentration of orthophosphate or silica (whichever is applicable).

  (iii) Any ground water system can limit entry point sampling described in paragraph (c)(ii) of this section to those entry points that are representative of water quality and treatment conditions throughout the system. If water from untreated ground water sources mixes with water from treated ground water sources, the system must monitor for water quality parameters both at representative entry points receiving treatment and representative entry points receiving no treatment. Prior to the start of any monitoring under this paragraph, the system shall provide to the Director written information identifying the selected entry points and documentation, including information on seasonal variability, sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality and treatment conditions throughout the system.

  (d) Monitoring after Director specifies water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion control.

  After the Director specifies the values for applicable water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi), all large systems shall measure the applicable water quality parameters in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section and determine compliance with the requirements of R309-210-6(4)(a)(vii) every six months with the first six-month period to begin on either January 1 or July 1, whichever comes first, after the Director specifies the optimal values under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi). Any small or medium-size system shall conduct such monitoring during each six-month period specified in this paragraph in which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level. For any such small and medium-size system that is subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv) at the time of the action level exceedance, the start of the applicable six-month monitoring period under this paragraph shall coincide with the start of the applicable monitoring period under R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv). Compliance with Director-designated optimal water quality parameter values shall be determined as specified under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vii).

  (e) Reduced monitoring

  (i) Any water system that maintains the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi) during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in this paragraph (e)(i) of this section from every six months to annually. This sampling begins during the calendar year immediately following the end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year of six-month monitoring occurs. Any water system that maintains the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi), during three consecutive years of annual monitoring under this paragraph may reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in paragraph (e)(i) of this section from annually to every three years. This sampling begins no later than the third calendar year following the end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year of monitoring occurs.

TABLE 210-6

REDUCED NUMBER OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETER SAMPLE SITES

                                    Reduced # of Sites

System Size for Water Quality

(# People Served) Parameters

Greater than 100,000 10

10,001 to 100,000 7

3,301 to 10,000 3

501 to 3,300 2

101 to 500 1

100 or less 1

  (ii)(A) Any water system that maintains the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the State under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi) during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in this paragraph (e)(i) of this section from every six months to annually. This sampling begins during the calendar year immediately following the end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year of six-month monitoring occurs. Any water system that maintains the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the State under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi), during three consecutive years of annual monitoring under this paragraph may reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in paragraph (e)(i) of this section from annually to every three years. This sampling begins no later than the third calendar year following the end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year of monitoring occurs.

  (B) A water system may reduce the frequency with which it collects tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in paragraph (e)(i) of this section to every three years if it demonstrates during two consecutive monitoring periods that its tap water lead level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal to the PQL for lead specified in R309-200-4(3), that its tap water copper level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L for copper in R309-200-5(2)(c), and that it also has maintained the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi). Monitoring conducted every three years shall be done no later than every third calendar year.

  (iii) A water system that conducts sampling annually shall collect these samples evenly throughout the year so as to reflect seasonal variability.

  (iv) Any water system subject to the reduced monitoring frequency that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or within the range of values for the water quality parameters specified by the Director in R309-210-6(4)(a)(vi) for more than 9 days in any six month period specified in R309-210-6(4)(a)(vii) shall resume distribution system tap water sampling in accordance with the number and frequency requirements in paragraph (d) of this section. Such a system may resume annual monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in paragraph (e)(i) of this section after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of that paragraph or may resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap at the reduced number os sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either paragraph (e)(ii)(A) or (e)(ii)(B) of this section.

  (f) Additional monitoring by systems

  The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of this section shall be considered by the system and the Director in making any determinations (i.e., determining concentrations of water quality parameters) under this section or R309-210-6(4)(a).

  (g) The Director has the authority to allow the use of previously collected monitoring data for purposes of monitoring, if the data were collected in accordance with this section and analyzed in accordance with R309-104-8.

  (6) Monitoring requirements for lead and copper in source water.

  (a) Sample location, collection methods, and number of samples

  (i) A water system that fails to meet the lead or copper action level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with R309-210-6(3) shall collect lead and copper source water samples in accordance with the following requirements regarding sample location, number of samples, and collection methods:

  (A) Groundwater systems shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system which is representative of each well after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point). The system shall take one sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant.

  (B) Surface water systems shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in the distribution system at a point which is representative of each source after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point). The system shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant. For purposes of this paragraph, surface water systems include systems with a combination of surface and ground sources.

  (C) If a system draws water from more than one source and the sources are combined before distribution, the system must sample at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all sources being used).

  (D) The Director may reduce the total number of samples which must be analyzed by allowing the use of compositing. Compositing of samples must be done by certified laboratory personnel. Composite samples from a maximum of five samples are allowed, provided that if the lead concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to 0.001 mg/L or the copper concentration is greater than or equal to 0.160 mg/L, then either:

  (I) A follow up sample shall be taken and analyzed within 14 days at each sampling point included in the composite; or

  (II) If duplicates of or sufficient quantities from the original samples from each sampling point used in the composite are available, the system may use these instead of resampling.

  (ii) Where the results of sampling indicate an exceedance of maximum permissible source water levels established under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D), the Director may require that one additional sample be collected as soon as possible after the initial sample was taken (but not to exceed two weeks) at the same sampling point. If a confirmation sample is taken for lead or copper, then the results of the initial and confirmation sample shall be averaged in determining compliance with the specified maximum permissible levels. Any sample value below the detection limit shall be considered to be zero. Any value above the detection limit but below the PQL shall either be considered as the measured value or be considered one-half the PQL.

  (b) Monitoring frequency after system exceeds tap water action level.

  Any system which exceeds the lead or copper action level at the tap shall collect one source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system no later than six months after the end of the monitoring period during which the lead or copper action level was exceeded. For monitoring periods that are annual or less frequent, the end of the monitoring period is September 30 of the calendar year in which the sampling occurs, or if the Director has established an alternate monitoring period, the last day of that period.

  (c) Monitoring frequency after installation of source water treatment.

  Any system which installs source water treatment pursuant to R309-210-6(4)(b)(i)(C) shall collect an additional source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the deadline specified in R309-210-6(4)(b)(i)(D).

  (d) Monitoring frequency after Director specifies maximum permissible source water levels or determines that source water treatment is not needed

  (i) A system shall monitor at the frequency specified below in cases where the Director specifies maximum permissible source water levels under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D) or determines that the system is not required to install source water treatment under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(B).

  (A) A water system using only groundwater shall collect samples once during the three-year compliance period in effect when the applicable determination under R309-210-6(6)(d)(i) is made. Such systems shall collect samples once during each subsequent compliance period. Triennial samples shall be collected every third calendar year.

  (B) A water system using surface water (or a combination of surface and ground water) shall collect samples once during each calendar year, the first annual monitoring period to begin during the year in which the applicable Director determination is made under paragraph (d)(i) of this section.

  (ii) A system is not required to conduct source water sampling for lead and/or copper if the system meets the action level for the specific contaminant in tap water samples during the entire source water sampling period applicable to the system under R309-210-6(6)(d)(i)(A) or (B).

  (e) Reduced monitoring frequency

  (i) A water system using only ground water may reduce the monitoring frequency for lead and copper in source water to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in R309-110-4) provided that the samples are collected no later than every ninth calendar year and if the system meets one of the following criteria:

  (A) The system demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the Director in R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D) during at least three consecutive compliance periods under paragraph (d)(i) of this section; or

  (B) The Director has determined that source water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive compliance periods in which sampling was conducted under paragraph (d)(i) of this section, the concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.

  (ii) A water system using surface water (or a combination of surface water and ground water) may reduce the monitoring frequency in paragraph (d)(i) of this section to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in R309-110-4) provided that the samples are collected no later than every ninth calendar year and if the system meets one of the following criteria:

  (A) The system demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the Director in R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(D) for at least three consecutive years; or

  (B) The Director has determined that source water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive years, the concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.

  (iii) A water system that uses a new source of water is not eligible for reduced monitoring for lead and/or copper until concentrations in samples collected from the new source during three consecutive monitoring periods are below the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the Director in R309-210-6(4)(b)(i)(E).

  (iv) The Director has the authority to allow the use of previously collected monitoring data for purposes of monitoring, if the data were collected in accordance with this section and analyzed in accordance with R309-104-8.

  (7) Public education and supplemental monitoring requirements.

  All water systems must deliver a consumer notice of lead tap water monitoring results to persons served by the water system at sites that are tested, as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. A water system that exceeds the lead action level based on tap water samples collected in accordance with R309-210-6(3) shall deliver the public education materials contained in paragraph (a) of this section in accordance with the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section. Water systems that exceed the lead action level must sample the tap water of any customer who requests it in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.

  (a) Content of written public education materials.

  (i) Community water systems and Non-transient non-community water systems. Water systems must include the following elements in printed materials (e.g., brochures and pamphlets) in the same order as listed below. In addition, paragraphs (a)(i)(A) through (B) and (a)(i)(F) must be included in the materials, exactly as written, except for the text in brackets in these paragraphs for which the water system must include system-specific information. Any additional information presented by a water system must be consistent with the information below and be in plain language that can be understood by the general public. Water systems must submit all written public education materials to the Director prior to delivery. The Director may require the system to obtain approval of the content of written public materials prior to delivery.

  (A) IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT LEAD IN YOUR DRINKING WATER. (INSERT NAME OF WATER SYSTEM) found elevated levels of lead in drinking water in some homes/buildings. Lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Please read this information closely to see what you can do to reduce lead in your drinking water.

  (B) Health effects of lead. Lead can cause serious health problems if too much enters your body from drinking water or other sources. It can cause damage to the brain and kidneys, and can interfere with the production of red blood cells that carry oxygen to all parts of your body. The greatest risk of lead exposure is to infants, young children, and pregnant women. Scientists have linked the effects of lead on the brain with lowered IQ in children. Adults with kidney problems and high blood pressure can be affected by low levels of lead more than healthy adults. Lead is stored in the bones, and it can be released later in life. During pregnancy, the child receives lead from the mother's bones, which may affect brain development.

  (C) Sources of Lead.

  (I) Explain what lead is.

  (II) Explain possible sources of lead in drinking water and how lead enters drinking water. Include information on home/building plumbing materials and service lines that may contain lead.

  (III) Discuss other important sources of lead exposure in addition to drinking water (e.g., paint).

  (D) Discuss the steps the consumer can take to reduce their exposure to lead in drinking water.

  (I) Encourage running the water to flush out the lead.

  (II) Explain concerns with using hot water from the tap and specifically caution against the use of hot water for preparing baby formula.

  (III) Explain that boiling water does not reduce lead levels.

  (IV) Discuss other options consumers can take to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water, such as alternative sources or treatment of water.

  (V) Suggest that parents have their child's blood tested for lead.

  (E) Explain why there are elevated levels of lead in the system's drinking water (if known) and what the water system is doing to reduce the lead levels in homes/buildings in this area.

  (F) For more information, call us at (INSERT YOUR NUMBER) ((IF APPLICABLE), or visit our Web site at (INSERT YOUR WEB SITE HERE)). For more information on reducing lead exposure around your home/building and the health effects of lead, visit EPA's Web site at "http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leavingFR.htmlandlog=linklogandto=http://www.epa.gov/lead" or contact your health care provider.

  (ii) Community water systems. In addition to including the elements specified in paragraph (a)(i) of this section, community water systems must:

  (A) Tell consumers how to get their water tested.

  (B) Discuss lead in plumbing components and the difference between low lead and lead free.

  (b) Delivery of public education materials.

  (i) For public water systems serving a large proportion of non-English speaking consumers, as determined by the Director, the public education materials must contain information in the appropriate language(s) regarding the importance of the notice or contain a telephone number or address where persons served may contact the water system to obtain a translated copy of the public education materials or to request assistance in the appropriate language.

  (ii) A community water system that exceeds the lead action level on the basis of tap water samples collected in accordance with R309-210-6(3), and that is not already conducting public education tasks under this section, must conduct the public education tasks under this section within 60 days after the end of the monitoring period in which the exceedance occurred:

  (A) Deliver printed materials meeting the content requirements of paragraph (a) of this section to all bill paying customers.

  (B)(I) Contact customers who are most at risk by delivering education materials that meet the content requirements of paragraph (a) of this section to local public health agencies even if they are not located within the water system's service area, along with an informational notice that encourages distribution to all the organization's potentially affected customers or community water system's users. The water system must contact the local public health agencies directly by phone or in person. The local public health agencies may provide a specific list of additional community based organizations serving target populations, which may include organizations outside the service area of the water system. If such lists are provided, systems must deliver education materials that meet the content requirements of paragraph (a) of this section to all organizations on the provided lists.

  (II) Contact customers who are most at risk by delivering materials that meet the content requirements of paragraph (a) of this section to the following organizations listed in aa through ff that are located within the water system's service area, along with an informational notice that encourages distribution to all the organization's potentially affected customers or community water system's users:

  (aa) Public and private schools or school boards.

  (bb) Women Infants and Children (WIC) and Head Start programs.

  (cc) Public and private hospitals and medical clinics.

  (dd) Pediatricians.

  (ee) Family planning clinics.

  (ff) Local welfare agencies.

  (III) Make a good faith effort to locate the following organizations within the service area and deliver materials that meet the content requirements of paragraph (a) of this section to them, along with an informational notice that encourages distribution to all potentially affected customers or users. The good faith effort to contact at-risk customers may include requesting a specific contact list of these organizations from the local public health agencies, even if the agencies are not located within the water system's service area:

  (aa) Licensed childcare centers.

  (bb) Public and private preschools.

  (cc) Obstetricians-Gynecologists and Midwives.

  (C) No less often than quarterly, provide information on or in each water bill as long as the system exceeds the action level for lead. The message on the water bill must include the following statement exactly as written except for the text in brackets for which the water system must include system-specific information: (INSERT NAME OF WATER SYSTEM) found high levels of lead in drinking water in some homes. Lead can cause serious health problems. For more information please call (INSERT NAME OF WATER SYSTEM) (or visit (INSERT YOUR WEB SITE HERE)). The message or delivery mechanism can be modified in consultation with the Director; specifically, the Director may allow a separate mailing of public education materials to customers if the water system cannot place the information on water bills.

  (D) Post material meeting the content requirements of paragraph (a) of this section on the water system's Web site if the system serves a population greater than 100,000.

  (E) Submit a press release to newspaper, television and radio stations.

  (F) In addition to paragraphs (b)(ii)(A) through (E) of this section, systems must implement at least three activities from one or more categories listed below. The educational content and selection of these activities must be determined in consultation with the Director.

  (I) Public Service Announcements.

  (II) Paid advertisements.

  (III) Public Area Information Displays.

  (IV) Emails to customers.

  (V) Public Meetings.

  (VI) Household Deliveries.

  (VII) Targeted Individual Customer Contact.

  (VIII) Direct material distribution to all multi-family homes and institutions.

  (VIIII) Other methods approved by the Director.

  (G) For systems that are required to conduct monitoring annually or less frequently, the end of the monitoring period is September 30 of the calendar year in which the sampling occurs, or, if the Director has established an alternate monitoring period, the last day of that period.

  (iii) As long as a community water system exceeds the action level, it must repeat the activities pursuant to paragraph (b)(ii) of this section as described in paragraphs (b)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section.

  (A) A community water system shall repeat the tasks contained in paragraphs (b)(ii)(A), (B) and (F) of this section every 12 months.

  (B) A community water system shall repeat tasks contained in paragraph (b)(ii)(C) of this section with each billing cycle.

  (C) A community water system serving a population greater than 100,000 shall post and retain material on a publicly accessible Web site pursuant to paragraph (b)(ii)(D) of this section.

  (D) The community water system shall repeat the task in paragraph (b)(ii)(E) of this section twice every 12 months on a schedule agreed upon with the Director. The Director can allow activities in paragraph (b)(ii) of this section to extend beyond the 60-day requirement if needed for implementation purposes on a case-by-case basis; however, this extension must be approved in writing by the Director in advance of the 60-day deadline.

  (iv) Within 60 days after the end of the monitoring period in which the exceedance occurred (unless it already is repeating public education tasks pursuant to paragraph (b)(v) of this section), a non-transient non-community water system shall deliver the public education materials specified by paragraph (a) of this section as follows:

  (A) Post informational posters on lead in drinking water in a public place or common area in each of the buildings served by the system; and

  (B) Distribute informational pamphlets and/or brochures on lead in drinking water to each person served by the non-transient non-community water system. The Director may allow the system to utilize electronic transmission in lieu of or combined with printed materials as long as it achieves at least the same coverage.

  (C) For systems that are required to conduct monitoring annually or less frequently, the end of the monitoring period is September 30 of the calendar year in which the sampling occurs, or, if the Director has established an alternate monitoring period, the last day of that period.

  (v) A non-transient non-community water system shall repeat the tasks contained in paragraph (b)(iv) of this section at least once during each calendar year in which the system exceeds the lead action level. The Director can allow activities in (b)(iv) of this section to extend beyond the 60-day requirement if needed for implementation purposes on a case-by-case basis; however, this extension must be approved in writing by the Director in advance of the 60-day deadline.

  (vi) A water system may discontinue delivery of public education materials if the system has met the lead action level during the most recent six-month monitoring period conducted pursuant to R309-210-6(3). Such a system shall recommence public education in accordance with this section if it subsequently exceeds the lead action level during any monitoring period.

  (vii) A community water system may apply to the Director, in writing, (unless the Director has waived the requirement for prior Director approval) to use only the text specified in paragraph (a)(i) of this section in lieu of the text in paragraphs (a)(i) and (a)(ii) of this section and to perform the tasks listed in paragraphs (b)(iv) and (b)(v) of this section in lieu of the tasks in paragraphs (b)(ii) and (b)(iii) of this section if:

  (A) The system is a facility, such as a prison or a hospital, where the population served is not capable of or is prevented from making improvements to plumbing or installing point of use treatment devices; and

  (B) The system provides water as part of the cost of services provided and does not separately charge for water consumption.

  (viii) A community water system serving 3,300 or fewer people may limit certain aspects of their public education programs as follows:

  (A) With respect to the requirements of paragraph (b)(ii)(F) of this section, a system serving 3,300 or fewer must implement at least one of the activities listed in that paragraph.

  (B) With respect to the requirements of paragraph (b)(ii)(B) of this section, a system serving 3,300 or fewer people may limit the distribution of the public education materials required under that paragraph to facilities and organizations served by the system that are most likely to be visited regularly by pregnant women and children.

  (C) With respect to the requirements of paragraph (b)(ii)(E) of this section, the Director may waive this requirement for systems serving 3,300 or fewer persons as long as system distributes notices to every household served by the system.

  (c) Supplemental monitoring and notification of results. A water system that fails to meet the lead action level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with R309-210-6(3) shall offer to sample the tap water of any customer who requests it. The system is not required to pay for collecting or analyzing the sample, nor is the system required to collect and analyze the sample itself.

  (d) Notification of results.

  (i) Reporting requirement. All water systems must provide a notice of the individual tap results from lead tap water monitoring carried out under the requirements of R309-210-6(3) to the persons served by the water system at the specific sampling site from which the sample was taken (e.g., the occupants of the residence where the tap was tested).

  (ii) Timing of notification. A water system must provide the consumer notice as soon as practical, but no later than 30 days after the system learns of the tap monitoring results.

  (iii) Content. The consumer notice must include the results of lead tap water monitoring for the tap that was tested, an explanation of the health effects of lead, list steps consumers can take to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water and contact information for the water utility. The notice must also provide the maximum contaminant level goal and the action level for lead and the definitions for these two terms from R309-225-5(3).

  (iv) Delivery. The consumer notice must be provided to persons served at the tap that was tested, either by mail or by another method approved by the Director. For example, upon approval by the Director, a non-transient non-community water system could post the results on a bulletin board in the facility to allow users to review the information. The system must provide the notice to customers at sample taps tested, including consumers who do not receive water bills.

  (8) Reporting requirements.

  All water systems shall report all of the following information to the Director in accordance with this section.

  (a) Reporting requirements for tap water monitoring for lead and copper and for water quality parameter monitoring

  (i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(i)(H) of this section, a water system shall report the information specified below for all tap water samples specified in R309-210-6(3) and for all water quality parameter samples specified in R309-210-6(5) within the first 10 days following the end of each applicable monitoring period specified in R309-210-6 (3) and (5) (i.e., every six months, annually, every 3 years, or every 9 years). For monitoring periods with a duration less than six months, the end of the monitoring period is the last date samples can be collected during that period as specified in R309-210-6(3) and R309-210-6(5).

  (A) the results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the location of each site and the criteria under R309-210-6(3)(a)(iii), (iv), (v), (vi), and (vii) under which the site was selected for the system's sampling pool;

  (B) Documentation for each tap water lead or copper sample for which the water system request invalidation pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(f)(ii);

  (D) the 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from among all lead and copper tap water samples collected during each monitoring period, (calculated in accordance with R309-200-5(2)(c))unless the Director calculates the system's 90th percentile lead and copper levels under paragraph (h) of this section;

  (E) with the exception of initial tap sampling conducted pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(d)(i), the system shall designate any site which was not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and include an explanation of why sampling sites have changed;

  (F) the results of all tap samples for pH, and where applicable, alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, temperature, and orthophosphate or silica collected under R309-210-6(5)(b) through (e);

  (G) the results of all samples collected at the entry point(s) to the distribution system for applicable water quality parameters under R309-210-6(5)(b) through (e).

  (H) A water system shall report the results of all water quality parameter samples collected under R309-210-6(5)(c) through (f) during each six month monitoring period specified in R309-210-6(5)(d) within the first 10 days following the end of the monitoring period unless the Director has specified a more frequent reporting requirement.

  (ii) For a non-transient non-community water system, or a community water system meeting the criteria of R309-210-6(7)(b)(vii), that does not have enough taps that can provide first draw samples, the system must identify, in writing, each site that did not meet the six hour minimum standing time and the length of standing time for that particular substitute sample collected pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(b)(v) and include this information with the lead and copper tap sample results required to be submitted pursuant to paragraph (a)(i)(A) of this section. The Director has waived prior Director approval of non-first-draw samples sites selected by the system pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(b)(v).

  (iii) At a time specified by the Director, or if no specific time is designated by the Director, then as early as possible prior to the addition of a new source or any long-term change in water treatment, a water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control under R309-210-6(2)(b)(iii), a water system subject to reduced monitoring pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(d)(iv), or a water system subject to a monitoring waiver pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(g), shall submit written documentation to the Director describing the change or addition. The Director must review and approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in treatment before it is implemented by the water system. Examples of long-term treatment changes include the addition of a new treatment process or modification of an existing treatment process. Examples of modifications include switching secondary disinfectants, switching coagulants (e.g., alum to ferric chloride), and switching corrosion inhibitor products (e.g., orthophosphate to blended phosphate). Long-term changes can include dose changes to existing chemicals if the system is planning long-term changes to its finished water pH or residual inhibitor concentration. Long-term treatment changes would not include chemical dose fluctuations associated with daily raw water quality changes.

  (iv) Any small system applying for a monitoring waiver under R309-210-6(3)(g), or subject to a waiver granted pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(g)(iii), shall provide the following information to the Director in writing by the specified deadline:

  (A) By the start of the first applicable monitoring period in R309-210-6(3), any small system applying for a monitoring waiver shall provide the documentation required to demonstrate that it meets the waiver criteria of R309-210-6(3)(g)(i) and (ii).

  (B) No later than nine years after the monitoring previously conducted pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(g)(ii) or (g)(iv)(A), each small system desiring to maintain its monitoring waiver shall provide the information required by R309-210-6(3)(g)(iv)(A) and (B).

  (C) No later than 60 days after it becomes aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing or copper containing material, as appropriate, each small system with a monitoring waiver shall provide written notification to the Director, setting forth the circumstances resulting in the lead containing or copper containing materials being introduced into the system and what corrective action, if any, the system plans to remove these materials

  (D) By October 10, 2000, any small system with a waiver granted prior to April 11, 2000 and that has not previously met the requirements of R309-210-6(3)(g)(ii) shall provide the information required by that paragraph.

  (v) Each ground water system that limits water quality parameter monitoring to a subset of entry points under R309-210-6(5)(c)(iii) shall provide, by the commencement of such monitoring, written correspondence to the Director that identifies the selected entry points and includes information sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality and treatment conditions throughout the system.

  (b) Source water monitoring reporting requirements

  (i) A water system shall report the sampling results for all source water samples collected in accordance with R309-210-6(6) within the first 10 days following the end of each source water monitoring period (i.e., annually, per compliance period, per compliance cycle) specified in R309-210-6(6).

  (ii) With the exception of the first round of source water sampling conducted pursuant to R309-210-6(6)(b), the system shall specify any site which was not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and include an explanation of why the sampling point has changed.

  (c) Corrosion control treatment reporting requirements

  By the applicable dates under R309-210-6(2), systems shall report the following information:

  (i) for systems demonstrating that they have already optimized corrosion control, information required in R309-210-6(2)(b)(ii) or R309-210-6(2)(b)(iii).

  (ii) for systems required to optimize corrosion control, their recommendation regarding optimal corrosion control treatment under R309-210-6(4)(a)(i).

  (iii) for systems required to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control treatments under R309-210-6(4)(a)(iii), the information required by that paragraph.

  (iv) for systems required to install optimal corrosion control designated by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(a)(iv), a letter certifying that the system has completed installing that treatment.

  (d) Source water treatment reporting requirements

  By the applicable dates in R309-210-6(4)(b), systems shall provide the following information to the Director :

  (i) if required under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(A), their recommendation regarding source water treatment;

  (ii) for systems required to install source water treatment under R309-210-6(4)(b)(ii)(B), a letter certifying that the system has completed installing the treatment designated by the Director within 24 months after the Director designated the treatment.

  (e) Lead service line replacement reporting requirements

  Systems shall report the following information to the Director to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of R309-210-6(4)(c):

  (i) No later than 12 months after the end of a monitoring period in which a system exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in R309-210-6(4)(c)(i), the system must submit written documentation to the Director of the material evaluation conducted as required in R309-210-6(3)(a), identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system at the time the system exceeds the lead action level, and provide the system's schedule for annually replacing at least 7 percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system.

  (ii) No later than 12 months after the end of a monitoring period in which a system exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in R309-210-6(4)(c)(i), and every 12 months thereafter, the system shall demonstrate to the Director in writing that the system has either:

  (A) replaced in the previous 12 months at least 7 percent of the initial lead service lines (or a greater number of lines specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(c)(v)) in its distribution system, or

  (B) conducted sampling which demonstrates that the lead concentration in all service line samples from an individual line(s), taken pursuant to R309-210-6(3)(b)(iii), is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/L. In such cases, the total number of lines replaced and/or which meet the criteria in R309-210-6(4)(c)(iii) shall equal at least 7 percent of the initial number of lead lines identified under paragraph (e)(i) of this section (or the percentage specified by the Director under R309-210-6(4)(c)(v)).

  (iii) The annual letter submitted to the Director under R309-210-6(8)(e)(ii) shall contain the following information:

  (A) the number of lead service lines scheduled to be replaced during the previous year of the system's replacement schedule;

  (B) the number and location of each lead service line replaced during the previous year of the system's replacement schedule;

  (C) if measured, the water lead concentration and location of each lead service line sampled, the sampling method, and the date of sampling.

  (iv) Systems shall also report any additional information as specified by the Director, and in a time and manner prescribed by the Director, to verify that all partial lead service line replacement activities have taken place.

  (f) Public education program reporting requirements

  (i) Any water system that is subject to the public education requirements in R309-210-6(7)shall, within ten days after the end of each period in which the system is required to perform public education in accordance with R309-210-6(7)(b), send written documentation to the Director that contains:

  (A) A demonstration that the system has delivered the public education materials that meet the content requirements in R309-210-6(7)(a) and the delivery requirements in R309-210-6(7)(b); and

  (B) A list of all the newspapers, radio stations, television stations, and facilities and organizations to which the system delivered public education materials during the period in which the system was required to perform public education tasks.

  (ii) Unless required by the Director, a system that previously has submitted the information required by paragraph (f)(i)(B) of this section, as long as there have been no changes in the distribution list and the system certifies that the public education materials were distributed to the same list submitted previously.

  (iii) No later than 3 months following the end of the monitoring period, each system must mail a sample copy of the consumer notification of tap results to the Director along with a certification that the notification has been distributed in a manner consistent with the requirements of R309-210-6(7)(d).

  (g) Reporting of additional monitoring data

  Any system which collects sampling data in addition to that required by this subpart shall report the results to the Director within the first ten day following the end of the applicable monitoring period under R309-210-6(3), R309-210-6(5) and R309-210-6(6) during which the samples are collected.

  (h) Reporting of 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations where the Director calculates a system's 90th percentile concentrations. A water system is not required to report the 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from among all lead and copper tap water samples during each monitoring period, as required by paragraph (a)(i)(D) of this section if:

  (i) The Director has previously notified the water system that it will calculate the water system's 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations, based on the lead and copper tap results submitted pursuant to paragraph (h)(ii)(A) of this section, and has specified a date before the end of the applicable monitoring period by which the system must provide the results of lead and copper tap water samples;

  (ii) The system has provided the following information to the Director by the date specified in paragraph (h)(i) of this section:

  (A) The results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the location of each site and the criteria under R309-210-6(3)(a)(iii), (iv), (v), (vi), and/or (vii) under which the site was selected for the system's sampling pool, pursuant to paragraph (a)(i)(A) of this section; and

  (B) An identification of sampling sites utilized during the current monitoring period that were not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and an explanation why sampling sites have changed; and

  (iii) The Director has provided the results of the 90th percentile lead and copper calculations, in writing, to the water system before the end of the monitoring period.