No. 40034 (Amendment): Rule R309-210. Monitoring and Water Quality: Distribution System Monitoring Requirements

(Amendment)

DAR File No.: 40034
Filed: 12/29/2015 01:57:47 PM

RULE ANALYSIS

Purpose of the rule or reason for the change:

The purpose of this rule change is to adopt the revisions to the federal Total Coliform Rule as required by the federal regulations to maintain primary enforcement authority (primacy) for the rule.

Summary of the rule or change:

The Revised Total Coliform Rule (RTCR) requires changes to many of the Division's rules; therefore, the information and comments provided in this form will be applicable to the necessary changes to Rules R309-105, R309-110, R309-200, R309-210, R309-211, R309-215, R309-220, and R309-225 in aggregate. In this specific rule, R309-210, the changes made address updates to the monitoring required by system type and population. (DAR NOTE: The proposed amendment to Rule R309-105 is under DAR No. 40031, the proposed amendment to Rule R309-110 is under DAR No. 40032, the proposed amendment to Rule R309-200 is under DAR No. 40033, the proposed amendment to Rule R309-210 is under DAR No. 40034, the proposed new Rule R309-211 is under DAR No. 40035, the proposed amendment to Rule R309-215 is under DAR No. 40036, the proposed amendment to Rule R309-220 is under DAR No. 40037, and the proposed amendment to Rule R309-225 is under DAR No. 40038 in this issue, January 15, 2016, of the Bulletin.)

State statutory or constitutional authorization for this rule:

• Section 19-4-104

Anticipated cost or savings to:

the state budget:

Along with the final rule language, EPA presented the estimated increase in annual cost nationwide with the new requirements. They estimate nationwide there will be an increase of $30,000,000. With an implementation plan of monthly monitoring, it would be $30,000,000 nationwide. Utah is a 1% state. As such, the increase projected from the national estimate for Utah would be $300,000, respectively. The costs are estimated to be incurred 90% by public water systems and 10% by the state primacy programs; therefore, the estimated impact to the state budget based on EPA's cost analysis would be $30,000 per year. It is important to note this cost estimate also includes the cost of fixing sanitary defects (significant deficiencies) found in the system infra-structure which would be independently required to be fixed upon discovery during a sanitary survey.

local governments:

For local governments, the cost will not change. Base monitoring will stay the same, and for small communities, the follow-up monitoring requirements have been slightly reduced.

small businesses:

For small businesses that have their own public water system, there will be a cost impact. Base monitoring will switch from one sample per calendar quarter to one sample per month. For routine monitoring, the requirements will increase the samples from 4 per year to 12 per year. The increase in routine sample costs for just the laboratory analysis will be approximately $250 per year. This estimate does not include the transport of the sample to a certified lab. The transportation cost will vary greatly and will likely be mitigated by other required business near certified labs.

persons other than small businesses, businesses, or local governmental entities:

The rule will impact USFS campgrounds and kids camps. Base monitoring will switch from one sample per calendar quarter to one sample per month of operation. Most of these systems operate only part of the year (May through September). For routine monitoring, the requirements will increase the samples from two to three per year to one sample for each month of operation. The increase in routine sample costs for just the laboratory analysis will be approximately $100 to $150 per year. This estimate does not include the transport of the sample to a certified lab. The transportation cost will vary greatly and will likely be mitigated by other required business near certified labs.

Compliance costs for affected persons:

The rule impacts every public water system and every person in the state. It is unlikely the rule will independently impact the water rate structure of any community water system. The relatively small cost impact on transient and non-transient system (recreational type facilities and industrial type facilities) should not independently affect consumer costs.

Comments by the department head on the fiscal impact the rule may have on businesses:

The Executive Director agrees with the fiscal impacts detailed above.

Alan Matheson, Executive Director

The full text of this rule may be inspected, during regular business hours, at the Division of Administrative Rules, or at:

Environmental Quality
Drinking WaterRoom Third Floor
195 N 1950 W
SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84116-3085

Direct questions regarding this rule to:

• Patti Fauver at the above address, by phone at 801-536-4196, by FAX at 801-536-4211, or by Internet E-mail at [e-mail]
• Jennifer Yee at the above address, by phone at 801-536-4216, by FAX at 801-536-4211, or by Internet E-mail at [e-mail]

Interested persons may present their views on this rule by submitting written comments to the address above no later than 5:00 p.m. on:

02/16/2016

Interested persons may attend a public hearing regarding this rule:

• 01/20/2016 01:00 PM, MSOB, 195 N 1950 W, DEQ Board Room 1015, Salt Lake City, UT

This rule may become effective on:

02/23/2016

Authorized by:

Ken Bousfield, Director

RULE TEXT

R309. Environmental Quality, Drinking Water.

R309-210. Monitoring and Water Quality: Distribution System Monitoring Requirements.

R309-210-4. General.

(1) All public water systems are required to monitor their water to determine if they comply with the requirements for water quality stated in R309-200. In exceptional circumstances the Director may modify the monitoring requirements given herein as is deemed appropriate.

(2) The Director may determine compliance or initiate compliance actions based upon analytical results and other information compiled by authorized representatives.

(3) If the water fails to meet minimum standards, then certain public notification procedures must be carried out, as outlined in R309-220. Water suppliers must also keep analytical records in their possession, for a required length of time, as outlined in R309-105-17.

(4) All samples shall be taken at representative sites as specified herein for each contaminant or group of contaminants.

(5) For the purpose of determining compliance, samples may only be considered if they have been analyzed by the State of Utah primacy laboratory or a laboratory certified by the Utah State Health Laboratory.

(6) Measurements for pH, temperature, turbidity and disinfectant residual may, under the direction of the direct responsible operator, be performed by any water supplier or their representative.

(7) All samples must be marked either: routine, repeat, check or investigative before submission of such samples to a certified laboratory. Routine, repeat, and check samples shall be considered compliance purpose samples.

(8) All sample results can be sent to the Division of Drinking Water either electronically or in hard copy form.

[(9) Lead and Copper data must be submitted to the Division of Drinking Water using forms provided by the Division.]

([10]9) Unless otherwise required by the Director, the effective dates on which required monitoring shall be initiated are identical to the dates published in 40 CFR 141 on July 1, 2001 by the Office of the Federal Register.

([11]10) Exemptions from monitoring requirements shall only be granted in accordance with R309-105-5.

 

[ R309-210-5. Microbiological Monitoring.

(1) Routine Microbiological Monitoring Requirements Applicable to all public water systems (community, non-transient non-community and transient non-community).

(a) Community water systems shall monitor for total coliforms at a frequency based on the population served, as follows:

 

TABLE 210-1
TOTAL COLIFORM MONITORING FREQUENCY
FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS

 

Minimum number   
 Population served of samples   
 per month   
   
 25 to 1,000 1   
 1,001 to 2,500 2   
 2,501 to 3,300 3   
 3,301 to 4,100 4   
 4,101 to 4,900 5   
 4,901 to 5,800 6   
 5,801 to 6,700 7   
 6,701 to 7,600 8   
 7,601 to 8,500 9   
 8,501 to 12,900 10   
 12,901 to 17,200 15   
 17,201 to 21,500 20   
 21,501 to 25,000 25   
 25,001 to 33,000 30   
 33,001 to 41,000 40   
 41,001 to 50,000 50   
 50,001 to 59,000 60   
 59,001 to 70,000 70   
 70,001 to 83,000 80   
 83,001 to 96,000 90   
 96,001 to 130,000 100   
 130,001 to 220,000 120   
 220,001 to 320,000 150   
 320,001 to 450,000 180   
 450,001 to 600,000 210   
 600,001 to 780,000 240   
 780,001 to 970,000 270   
 970,001 to 1,230,000 300   
 1,230,001 to 1,520,000 330   
 1,520,001 to 1,850,000 360   
 1,850,001 to 2,270,000 390   
 2,270,001 to 3,020,000 420   
 3,020,001 to 3,960,000 450   
 3,960,001 or more 480   
 The 25 - 1,000 population figure includes public water   
systems which have at least 15 service connections, but   serve   
fewer than 25 persons.

 

(b) Non-transient non-community water systems shall monitor for total coliforms as follows:

(i) A system using only ground water (except ground water under the direct influence of surface water) and serving 1,000 or fewer shall monitor each calendar quarter that the system provides water to the public.

(ii) A system using only ground water (except ground water under the direct influence of surface water) and serving more than 1,000 persons during any month shall monitor at the same frequency as a like-sized community water system, as specified in Table 210-1. The Director may reduce the monitoring frequency for any month the system serves 1,000 persons or fewer. In no case may the required monitoring be reduced to less than once per calendar quarter.

(iii) A system using surface water, in total or in part, shall monitor at the same frequency as a like-sized community water system, as specified in Table 210-1.

(iv) A system using ground water under the direct influence of surface water shall monitor at the same frequency as a like-sized community water system, as specified in Table 210-1. The system shall begin monitoring at this frequency beginning six months after the Director determines that the ground water is under the direct influence of surface water.

(c) Non-community water systems shall monitor for total coliforms as specified in R309-210-5(1)(b).

(d) The samples shall be collected at points which are representative of water throughout the distribution system according to a written sampling plan. This plan is subject to the approval of the Director.

(e) A public water system shall collect samples at regular time intervals throughout the month, except that a system which uses only ground water (except ground water under the direct influence of surface water) and serves 4,900 persons or fewer, may collect all required samples on a single day if they are taken from different sites.

(f) A public water system that uses inadequately treated surface water or inadequately treated ground water under the direct influence of surface water shall collect and analyze for total coliforms at least one sample each day the turbidity level of the source water exceeds 1 NTU. This sample shall be collected near the first service connection from the source. The system shall collect the sample within 24 hours of the time when the turbidity level was first exceeded. The sample shall be analyzed within 30 hours of collection. Sample results from this coliform monitoring shall be included in determining total coliform compliance for that month. The Director may extend the 24 hour limitation if the system has a logistical problem that is beyond the system's control. In the case of an extension the Director shall specify how much time the system has to collect the sample.

(2) Procedures if a Routine Sample is Total Coliform-Positive

(a) Repeat sampling -

The water system shall collect a set of repeat samples within 24 hours of being notified of the total coliform-positive sample result. The number of repeat samples required to be taken is specified in Table 210-2. The Director may extend the 24 hour limitation if the system has a logistical problem that is beyond its control. In the case of an extension the Director shall specify how much time the system has to collect the repeat samples.

 

TABLE 210-2
REPEAT AND ADDITIONAL SAMPLE MONITORING FREQUENCY

 

Population # Routine # Repeats for # Samples in   
Served by Samples each Total- ADDITION to the   
the system per month Coliform Routine samples   
 Positive sample the following   
 Within 24 hours month   
   
25-1000/See 1 4 4   
Note 1 below   
1000-2500 2 3 3   
2501-3300 3 3 2   
3301-4100 4 3 1   
greater   
than 4100 5 or more 3 No additional samples   
 required. Refer to   
 Table 210-1 for # of   
 Routine samples   
   
 NOTE 1: The population category 25 - 1000 includes all   
non-transient non-community and non-community water   systems.   
Non-transient non-community and non-community systems are   only   
are required to sample once per calendar quarter on a   routine   
basis for those quarters the system is in operation.   
 Repeat and Additional Routine samples are only required   
if a Routine Sample is Total Coliform-Positive.

 

(b) Repeat sampling locations -

The system shall collect the repeat samples from the following locations:

(i) One from the original sample site;

(ii) One within 5 service connections upstream;

(iii) One within 5 service connections downstream;

(iv) If required, one from any site mentioned above.

If a total coliform-positive sample is at the end of the distribution system, or next to the end of the distribution system, the Director may waive the requirement to collect at least one repeat sample upstream or downstream of the original sampling site.

(c) The system shall collect all repeat samples on the same day, except that the Director may allow a system with a single service connection to collect the required set of repeat samples on consecutive days.

(d) Additional repeat samples - If one or more repeat samples in a set is total coliform-positive, the system shall collect an additional set of repeat samples as specified in (a), (b) and (c) of this subsection. The additional repeat samples shall be collected within 24 hours of being notified of the positive result, unless the Director extends the time limit because of a logistical problem. The system shall repeat this process until either total coliforms are not detected in one complete set of repeat samples or the system determines that the total coliform MCL has been exceeded and notifies the Director and begins the required public notification.

(e) If a system collecting fewer than five routine samples per month has one or more total coliform-positive samples and the Director does not invalidate the sample under R309-210-5(4), it shall collect at least five routine samples during the next month the system provides water to the public. Refer to Table 210-2 for the number of additional samples required.

(i) The Director may waive the requirement to collect five routine samples the next month the system provides water to the public if the Director has determined why the sample was total coliform-positive and establishes that the system has corrected the problem or will correct the problem before the end of the next month the system serves water to the public. In this case:

(A) The Director shall document this decision in writing; and

(B) The Director or his representative shall sign the document; and

(C) The Director will make the document available to the EPA and the public.

(ii) The Director cannot waive the additional samples in the following month solely because all repeat samples are total coliform-negative.

(iii) If the additional samples in the following month are waived, a system shall still take the minimum number of routine samples required in Table 210-1 of R309-210-5(1) before the end of the next month and use it to determine compliance with the total coliform MCL.

(f) Samples to be included in calculations - Results of all routine and repeat samples not invalidated in writing by the Director shall be included in determining compliance with the total coliform MCL.

(g) Samples not to be included in calculations - Special purpose and investigative samples, such as those taken to determine the efficiency of disinfection practices following such operations as pipe replacement or repair, may not be used to determine compliance with the MCL for total coliforms. These samples shall be identified as special purpose or investigative at the time of collection.

(3) Response to violation

(a) A public water system which has exceeded the MCL for total coliforms as specified in R309-200-5(6) shall report the violation to the Director no later than the end of the next business day after it learns of the violation, and notify the public in accordance with R309-220.

(b) A public water system which has failed to comply with a coliform monitoring requirement shall report the monitoring violation to the Director within ten days after the system discovers the violation and notify the public in accordance with R309-220.

(4) Invalidation of Total Coliform-Positive Samples

An invalidated total coliform-positive sample does not count towards meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of R309-210-5(1) and R309-210-5(2). A total coliform-positive sample may not be invalidated solely on the basis of all repeat samples being total coliform-negative.

(a) The Director may invalidate a total coliform-positive sample only if one of the following conditions are met:

(i) The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused the total coliform-positive result; or

(ii) On the basis of the results of repeat samples collected as required in R309-210-5(2), the total coliform-positive sample resulted from a non-distribution system plumbing problem on the basis that all repeat samples taken at the same tap as the original total coliform-positive are total coliform-positive, but all repeat samples within five service connections are total coliform-negative; or

(iii) Substantial grounds exist to establish that the total coliform-positive result is due to a circumstance or condition which does not reflect water quality in the distribution system. In this case:

(A) The Director shall document this decision in writing; and

(B) The Director or his representative shall sign the document; and

(C) The Director will make the document available to the EPA and the public. The system shall still collect the required repeat samples as outlined in R309-210-5(2) in order to determine compliance with the MCL.

(b) A laboratory shall invalidate a total coliform sample (unless total coliforms are detected) if the results are indeterminate because of possible interference. A system shall collect and have analyzed, another total coliform sample from the same location as the original sample within 24 hours of being notified of the indeterminate result. The system shall continue to resample within 24 hours of notification of indeterminate results and have the samples analyzed until a valid sample result is obtained. The 24-hour time limit may be waived by the Director on a case-by-case basis if the system has logistical problems beyond its control. Interference for each type of analysis is listed below.

(i) The sample produces a turbid culture in the absence of gas production when using an analytical method where gas formation is examined.

(ii) The sample produces a turbid culture in the absence of an acid reaction when using the Presence-Absence Coliform Test.

(iii) The sample exhibits confluent growth or produces colonies too numerous to count when using an analytical method using a membrane filter.

(5) Fecal coliforms/Escherichia coli (E. coli) testing

(a) If any routine sample, repeat sample or additional sample is total coliform-positive, the system shall have the total coliform-positive culture medium analyzed to determine if fecal coliforms are present. The system may test for E. coli in lieu of fecal coliforms.

(b) Notification of Director and public - If fecal coliforms or E. coli are confirmed present (as per R309-200-5(6)(b)), the system shall notify the Director by the end of the day when the system is notified of the test results. If the system is notified after the Division of Drinking Water has closed, the system shall notify the Director before the close of the next business day and begin public notification using the mandatory health effects language R309-220) within 72 hours.

(c) The Director may allow a system to forego the analysis for fecal coliforms or E. coli, if the system assumes that the total coliform positive sample is fecal coliform-positive or E. coli-positive. The system must notify the Director of this decision and begin the required public notification.

(6) Best Available Technology

The Director may require an appropriate treatment process using the best available technology (BAT) in order to bring the water into compliance with the maximum contaminant level for microbiological quality. The BAT will be determined by the Director.]

 

R309-210-8. Disinfection Byproducts - Stage 1 Requirements.

(1) General requirements. The requirements in this sub-section establish criteria under which community and non-transient non-community water systems that add a chemical disinfectant to the water in any part of the drinking water treatment process, shall modify their practices to meet MCLs and MRDLs in R309-200-5(3)(c) and meet treatment technique requirements in R309-215-12 and 13. The requirements of this sub-section also establish criteria under which transient non-community water systems that use chlorine dioxide shall modify their practices to meet MRDLs for chlorine dioxide in R309-200-5(3)(c).

(a) Compliance dates.

(i) Community and Non-transient non-community water systems. Surface water systems serving 10,000 or more persons must comply with this section beginning January 1, 2002. Surface water systems serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water must comply with this section beginning January 1, 2004.

(ii) Transient non-community water systems. Surface water systems serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with any requirements for chlorine dioxide in this section beginning January 1, 2002. Surface water systems serving fewer than 10,000 persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant and systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with any requirements for chlorine dioxide in this section beginning January 1, 2004.

(b) Systems must take all samples during normal operating conditions.

(c) Systems may consider multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer as one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of TTHM and HAA5 samples required, with approval from the Director.

(d) Failure to monitor in accordance with the monitoring plan required under paragraph (5) of this section is a monitoring violation.

(e) Failure to monitor will be treated as a violation for the entire period covered by the annual average where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the system's failure to monitor makes it impossible to determine compliance with MCLs or MRDLs.

(f) Systems may use only data collected under the provisions of this section or the federal Information Collection Rule,(40 CFR, Part 141, Subpart M) to qualify for reduced monitoring.

(2) Monitoring requirements for disinfection byproducts.

(a) TTHMs and HAA5s

(i) Routine monitoring. Systems must monitor at the frequency indicated in the following:

(A) If a system elects to sample more frequently than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) must be taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in the distribution system. The remaining samples must be taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system.

(B) Surface water systems serving at least 10,000 persons shall take four water samples per quarter per treatment plant. At least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter shall be at locations representing maximum residence time. The remaining samples taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system and representing the entire distribution system, taking into account number of persons served, different sources of water, and different treatment methods.

(C) Surface water systems serving from 500 to 9,999 persons shall take one water sample per quarter per treatment plant at a locations representing maximum residence time.

(D) Surface water systems serving fewer than 500 persons shall take one sample per year per treatment plant during month of warmest water temperature at a location representing maximum residence time. If the sample (or average of annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds the MCL, the system must increase monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in the distribution system, until the system meets reduced monitoring criteria in paragraph (2)(a)(v) of this section.

(E) Systems using only ground water not under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and serving at least 10,000 persons shall take one water sample per quarter per treatment plant at a locations representing maximum residence time.

(F) Systems using only ground water not under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and serving fewer than 10,000 persons shall take one sample per year per treatment plant during month of warmest water temperature at a location representing maximum residence time. If the sample (or average of annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds the MCL, the system must increase monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in the distribution system, until the system meets criteria in paragraph (2)(a)(v) of this section for reduced monitoring.

(ii) Systems may reduce monitoring, except as otherwise provided, if the system has monitored for at least one year and is in accordance with the following paragraphs. Any Surface water system serving fewer than 500 persons may not reduce its monitoring to less than one sample per treatment plant per year.

(A) A surface water system serving at least 10,000 persons which has a source water annual average TOC level, before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0 mg/L and has a TTHM annual average of less than or equal to 0.040 mg/L and has a HAA5 annual average of less than or equal to 0.030 mg/L may reduce monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per quarter at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time.

(B) A surface water system serving from 500 to 9,999 persons which has a source water annual average TOC level, before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0 mg/L and has a TTHM annual average of less than or equal to 0.040 mg/L and has a HAA5 annual average of less than or equal to 0.030 mg/L may reduce monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per year at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during the month of warmest water temperature.

(C) A system using only ground water not under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and serving at least 10,000 persons that has a TTHM annual average of less than or equal to 0.040 mg/L and has a HAA5 annual average of less than or equal to 0.030 mg/L may reduce monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per year at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during the month of warmest water temperature.

(D) A system using only ground water not under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and serving fewer than 10,000 persons that has a TTHM annual average of less than or equal to 0.040 mg/L and has a HAA5 annual average of less than or equal to 0.030 mg/L for two consecutive years or has a TTHM annual average of less than or equal to 0.020 mg/L and has a HAA5 annual average of less than or equal to 0.015mg/L for one year may reduce monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per three year monitoring cycle at a distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during the month of warmest water temperature, with the three-year cycle beginning on January 1 following the quarter in which the system qualifies for reduced monitoring.

(iii) Monitoring requirements for source water TOC in order to qualify for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under paragraph (2)(a)(ii) of this section, surface water systems not monitoring under the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section must take monthly TOC samples every 30 days at a location prior to any treatment, beginning April 1, 2008 or earlier, if specified by the Director. In addition to meeting other criteria for reduced monitoring in paragraph (2)(a)(ii) of this section, the source water TOC running annual average must be equal to or less than 4.0 mg/L (based on the most recent four quarters of monitoring) on a continuing basis at each treatment plant to reduce or remain on reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5. Once qualified for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under paragraph (2)(a)(ii) of this section, a system may reduce source water TOC monitoring to quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior to any treatment.

(iv) Systems on a reduced monitoring schedule may remain on that reduced schedule as long as the average of all samples taken in the year (for systems which must monitor quarterly) or the result of the sample (for systems which must monitor no more frequently than annually) is no more than 0.060 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L for TTHMs and HAA5, respectively. Systems that do not meet these levels must resume monitoring at the frequency identified in paragraph (2)(a)(i) of this section in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period in which the system exceeds 0.060 mg/L or 0.045 mg/L for TTHM or HAA5, respectively. For systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water and serving fewer than 10,000 persons, if either the TTHM annual average is greater than 0.080 mg/L or the HAA5 annual average is greater than 0.060 mg/L, the system must go to the increased monitoring identified in paragraph (2)(a)(i) of this section in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period in which the system exceeds 0.080 mg/L or 0.060 mg/L for TTHMs or HAA5 respectively.

(v) Systems on increased monitoring may return to routine monitoring if, after at least one year of monitoring their TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.060 mg/L and their HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.045 mg/L.

(vi) The Director may return a system to routine monitoring when appropriate to protect public health.

(b) Chlorite. Community and non-transient non-community water systems using chlorine dioxide, for disinfection or oxidation, must conduct monitoring for chlorite.

(i) Routine monitoring.

(A) Daily monitoring. Systems must take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the chlorite MCL, the system must take additional samples in the distribution system the following day at the locations required by paragraph (2)(b)(ii) of this section, in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system.

(B) Monthly monitoring. Systems must take a three-sample set each month in the distribution system. The system must take one sample at each of the following locations: near the first customer, at a location representative of average residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system. Any additional routine sampling must be conducted in the same manner (as three-sample sets, at the specified locations). The system may use the results of additional monitoring conducted under paragraph (2)(b)(ii) of this section to meet the requirement for monitoring in this paragraph.

(ii) Additional monitoring. On each day following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the chlorite MCL at the entrance to the distribution system, the system is required to take three chlorite distribution system samples at the following locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system).

(iii) Reduced monitoring.

(A) Chlorite monitoring at the entrance to the distribution system required by paragraph (2)(b)(i)(A) of this section may not be reduced.

(B) Chlorite monitoring in the distribution system required by paragraph (2)(b)(i)(B) of this section may be reduced to one three-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring where no individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system under paragraph (2)(b)(i)(B) of this section has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the system has not been required to conduct monitoring under paragraph (2)(b)(ii) of this section. The system may remain on the reduced monitoring schedule until either any of the three individual chlorite samples taken monthly in the distribution system under paragraph (2)(b)(i)(B) of this section exceeds the chlorite MCL or the system is required to conduct monitoring under paragraph (2)(b)(ii) of this section, at which time the system must revert to routine monitoring.

(c) Bromate.

(i) Routine monitoring. Community and nontransient noncommunity systems using ozone, for disinfection or oxidation, must take one sample per month for each treatment plant in the system using ozone. Systems must take samples monthly at the entrance to the distribution system while the ozonation system is operating under normal conditions.

(ii) Reduced monitoring.

(A) Until March 31, 2009, systems required to analyze for bromate may reduce monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the system demonstrates that the average source water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly bromide measurements for one year. The system may remain on reduced bromate monitoring until the running annual average source water bromide concentration, computed quarterly, is equal to or greater than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly measurements. If the running annual average source water bromide concentration is greater than or equal to 0.05 mg/L, the system must resume routine monitoring required by paragraph (2)(c)(i) of this section in the following month.

(B) Beginning April 1, 2009, systems may no longer use the provisions of paragraph (2)(c)(ii)(A) of this section to qualify for reduced monitoring. A system required to analyze for bromate may reduce monitoring from monthly to quarterly, if the system's running annual average bromate concentration is equal to or less than 0.0025 mg/L based on monthly bromate measurements under paragraph (2)(c)(i) of this section for the most recent four quarters, with samples analyzed using Method 317.0 Revision 2.0, 326.0 or 321.8. If a system has qualified for reduced bromate monitoring under paragraph (2)(c)(ii)(A) of this section, that system may remain on reduced monitoring as long as the running annual average of quarterly bromate samples is less than or equal to 0.0025 mg/L based on samples analyzed using Method 317.0 Revision 2.0, 326.0 or 321.8. If the running annual average bromate concentration is greater than 0.0025 mg/L, the system must resume routine monitoring required by (2)(c)(i) of this section.

(3) Monitoring requirements for disinfectant residuals.

(a) Chlorine and chloramines.

(i) Routine monitoring. Community and nontransient noncommunity water systems that use chlorine or chloramines must measure the residual disinfectant level in distribution system at the same point in the distribution system and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in [R309-210-5]R309-211. The Director may allow a public water system which uses both [disinfected and undisinfected sources to take disinfectant residual samples at points other than the total coliform sampling points if the Director determines that such sampling points are more representative of treated (disinfected) water quality within the distribution system. Water systems shall take a minimum of three residual disinfectant level samples each week.]a surface water source or a ground water source under direct influence of surface water, and a ground water source, to take disinfectant residual samples at points other than the total coliform sampling points if the State determines that such points are more representative of treated (disinfected) water quality within the distribution system. Heterotrophic bacteria, measured as heterotrophic plate count (HPC) as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, may be measured in lieu of residual disinfectant concentration .

(ii) In addition, ground water systems shall take the following readings at each facility a minimum of three times a week: the total volume of water treated; the type and amount of disinfectant used in treating the water (clearly indicating the weight if gas feeders are used, or the percent solution and volume fed if liquid feeders are used); and the setting of the rotometer valve or injector pump. Surface water systems may use the results of residual disinfectant concentration sampling conducted under R309-215-10(3) for systems which filter, in lieu of taking separate samples.

(iii) Reduced monitoring. Monitoring may not be reduced.

(b) Chlorine Dioxide.

(i) Routine monitoring. Community, nontransient noncommunity, and transient noncommunity water systems that use chlorine dioxide for disinfection or oxidation must take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the MRDL, the system must take samples in the distribution system the following day at the locations required by paragraph (3)(b)(ii) of this section, in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system.

(ii) Additional monitoring. On each day following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the MRDL, the system is required to take three chlorine dioxide distribution system samples. If chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system, or if chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are no disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., no booster chlorination), the system must take three samples as close to the first customer as possible, at intervals of at least six hours. If chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are one or more disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., booster chlorination), the system must take one sample at each of the following locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system).

(iii) Reduced monitoring. Chlorine dioxide monitoring may not be reduced.

(4) Bromide. Systems required to analyze for bromate may reduce bromate monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the system demonstrates that the average source water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly measurements for one year. The system must continue bromide monitoring to remain on reduced bromate monitoring.

(5) Monitoring plans. Each system required to monitor under this section must develop and implement a monitoring plan. The system must maintain the plan and make it available for inspection by the Director and the general public no later than 30 days following the applicable compliance dates in R309-210-8(1)(a). All Surface water systems serving more than 3300 people must submit a copy of the monitoring plan to the Director no later than the date of the first report required under R309-105-16(2). The Director may also require the plan to be submitted by any other system. After review, the Director may require changes in any plan elements. The plan must include at least the following elements.

(a) Specific locations and schedules for collecting samples for any parameters included in this subpart.

(b) How the system will calculate compliance with MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment techniques.

(c) If approved for monitoring as a consecutive system, or if providing water to a consecutive system, the Director may modify the monitoring requirements treating the systems as a single distribution system, however, the sampling plan shall reflect the entire distribution system of all interconnected systems.

(6) Compliance requirements.

(a) General requirements.

(i) Where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the system fails to monitor for TTHM, HAA5, or bromate, this failure to monitor will be treated as a monitoring violation for the entire period covered by the annual average. Where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the system's failure to monitor makes it impossible to determine compliance with MRDLs for chlorine and chloramines, this failure to monitor will be treated as a monitoring violation for the entire period covered by the annual average.

(ii) All samples taken and analyzed under the provisions of this section shall be included in determining compliance, even if that number is greater than the minimum required.

(iii) If, during the first year of monitoring under R309-210-8, any individual quarter's average will cause the running annual average of that system to exceed the MCL, the system is out of compliance at the end of that quarter.

(b) Disinfection byproducts.

(i) TTHMs and HAA5.

(A) For systems monitoring quarterly, compliance with MCLs in R309-200-5(3)(c) shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of quarterly arithmetic averages of all samples collected by the system as prescribed by R309-210-8(2)(a).

(B) For systems monitoring less frequently than quarterly, systems demonstrate MCL compliance if the average of samples taken that year under the provisions of R309-210-8(2)(a) does not exceed the MCLs in R309-200-5(3)(c). If the average of these samples exceeds the MCL, the system shall increase monitoring to once per quarter per treatment plant and such a system is not in violation of the MCL until it has completed one year of quarterly monitoring, unless the result of fewer than four quarters of monitoring will cause the running annual average to exceed the MCL, in which case the system is in violation at the end of that quarter. Systems required to increase monitoring frequency to quarterly monitoring shall calculate compliance by including the sample which triggered the increased monitoring plus the following three quarters of monitoring.

(C) If the running annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and shall notify the public pursuant to R309-220, in addition to reporting to the Director pursuant to R309-105-16.

(D) If a PWS fails to complete four consecutive quarters of monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance period shall be based on an average of the available data.

(ii) Chlorite. Compliance shall be based on an arithmetic average of each three sample set taken in the distribution system as prescribed by R309-210-8(2)(b)(i)(B) and (2)(b)(ii). If the arithmetic average of any three sample sets exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and shall notify the public pursuant to R309-220, in addition to reporting to the Director pursuant to R309-105-16.

(iii) Bromate. Compliance shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly samples (or, for months in which the system takes more than one sample, the average of all samples taken during the month) collected by the system as prescribed by R309-210-8(2)(c). If the average of samples covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and shall notify the public pursuant to R309-220, in addition to reporting to the Director pursuant to R309-105-16. If a PWS fails to complete 12 consecutive months' monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance period shall be based on an average of the available data.

(c) Disinfectant residuals.

(i) Chlorine and chloramines.

(A) Compliance shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected by the system under R309-210-8(3)(a). If the average covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall notify the public pursuant to R309-220, in addition to reporting to the Director pursuant to R309-105-16.

(B) In cases where systems switch between the use of chlorine and chloramines for residual disinfection during the year, compliance shall be determined by including together all monitoring results of both chlorine and chloramines in calculating compliance. Reports submitted pursuant to R309-105-16 shall clearly indicate which residual disinfectant was analyzed for each sample.

(ii) Chlorine dioxide.

(A) Acute violations. Compliance shall be based on consecutive daily samples collected by the system under R309-210-8(3)(b). If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL, and on the following day one (or more) of the three samples taken in the distribution system exceed the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall take immediate corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the MRDL and shall notify the public pursuant to the procedures for acute health risks in R309-220-5. Failure to take samples in the distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system will also be considered an MRDL violation and the system shall notify the public of the violation in accordance with the provisions for acute violations under R309-220-5 in addition to reporting the Director pursuant to R309-105-16.

(B) Nonacute violations. Compliance shall be based on consecutive daily samples collected by the system under R309-210-8(3)(b). If any two consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution system samples taken are below the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall take corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the MRDL at the point of sampling and will notify the public pursuant to the procedures for nonacute health risks in R309-220-6 in addition to reporting to the Director pursuant to R309-105-16. Failure to monitor at the entrance to the distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is also an MRDL violation and the system shall notify the public of the violation in accordance with the provisions for nonacute violations under R309-220-6 in addition to reporting to the Director pursuant to R309-105-16.

 

KEY: drinking water, distribution system monitoring, compliance determinations

Date of Enactment or Last Substantive Amendment: [September 24, 2009]2016

Notice of Continuation: March 13, 2015

Authorizing, and Implemented or Interpreted Law: 19-4-104

 

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